Diesel Emissions and Control Technologies
I.D. # C0206 Duration 2 Days
Stringent emissions legislation, the advent of low-sulfur fuels have led to new developments to meet the 120,000 vehicle mile durability for passenger cars and 300,000 vehicle mile durability for trucks and buses. This seminar will explore the progress in combating diesel emissions using oxidation catalysts, catalyzed "trap," continuous regeneration "trap," fuel additives, lean NOx catalyst, NOx "trap," ammonia-based selective NOx reduction, and plasma technology. New developments in filter materials, notably pore connectivity, heat capacity and thermal conductivity, low backpressure and safe regeneration will be discussed. Similarly, novel designs that reduce regeneration stresses in SiC filters with high coefficient of thermal expansion and in high cell density cordierite filters with higher mass will be also be discussed briefly. Finally, the mounting system for large frontal area oxidation catalysts and wall-flow diesel filters, which plays a major role in ensuring their mechanical and thermal durability, will be emphasized. Several detailed application designs for light and heavy duty diesel engines will be reviewed to illustrate the design and durability of aftertreatment devices.

Dr. Heck's text, Catalytic Air Pollution Control: Commercial Technology, is included with the seminar.

Learning Objectives
By attending this seminar, you will be able to:
  • Describe the three phases of diesel emissions, namely gaseous, liquid and solid
  • Identify and utilize worldwide diesel emissions standards for passenger cars and trucks
  • Compare the latest technologies and their limitations for combating diesel emissions, e.g. effect of fuel sulfur
  • Formulate design criteria for diesel oxidation catalysts, wall-flow filters, fuel additives, CRTs and NOx traps taking into consideration the trade-offs in performance and durability
  • Describe the most current commercial designs for integrated removal for particulate and NOx
  • Compare the latest particulate regeneration schemes and describe the passive and active approaches for regeneration
  • Compare the latest NOx trap regeneration schemes for denitration and desulfation
  • Review progress in sensors and control technology in anticipation of on-board diagnostics
  • Discuss new developments in filter materials and designs and select appropriate materials for specific applications
  • Implement safe regeneration techniques for diesel filters
Who Should Attend
This course is designed for mechanical, electrical, metallurgical and chemical engineers, material scientists and chemists involved in heterogeneous catalysis. System engineers who are interested in handling, assembling, testing and failure analysis of diesel exhaust systems will also benefit from this course.
Prerequisites
Familiarity with diesel engines and emissions will prove valuable for participants attending this course.
Seminar Content
Catalyst System and Durability Instructor: Ron Heck
  • Fundamentals of Catalysis
    • Definition of catalyst
    • Characteristics of catalysis
    • Catalytic reactions
    • Catalyst preparation & characterization
    • Catalyst durability
  • Diesel Background
    • Diesel engine operation
    • Emission characterization
    • Analytical methods
    • Test procedures
    • Emission regulations
    • Emission reduction approaches
  • Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOC)
    • Reactions
    • Sulfur effect
    • Truck
    • Passenger car
    • Deactivation
  • Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF)
    • DPF approaches
    • Catalyzed DPF
    • Continuous regenerative trap (CRT) with NO2 performance
    • Fuel borne catalyst systems
    • Plasma
    • Deactivation
  • NOx Reduction Fundamentals
    • Approaches
    • Direct reduction
    • Plasma
    • Selective catalytic (SCR) reduction with hydrocarbons and ammonia
    • Trapping and regeneration/desulphation
    • Deactivation
  • Commercial Applications
    • Particulate removal --Engine map showing passive and active regeneration; CRT; Fuel Borne Catalyst with DPF; CRT and DPX performance comparison; Recent commercial comments
    • NOx removal -- SCR; NOx traps
  • Integrated System Approaches for TPM and NOx
    • Diesel particulate NOx reduction (DPNR) -- Passenger cars; Trucks; Regeneration strategies
    • NOx trap-particulate filter-DOC combinations -- Regeneration strategies
    • SCR plus particulate filter -- Regeneration strategies
    • Control strategies -- NOx and NH3 sensors; OBD
    • Retrofit programs

Thermal and Mechanical Durability Instructor: Suresh Gulati
  • Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Supports
    • Automotive vs. diesel
    • Durability requirements
    • Packaging design
  • Diesel Particulate Filter
    • Filter concept
    • Performance requirements
    • Filter composition & microstructure
    • Cell configuration & plugging pattern
    • Filter size & contour
    • Pressure drop through filter
  • Regeneration Techniques
    • Throttling
    • Burner, electrical and catalytic regeneration
  • Physical Properties
    • Thermal and mechanical durability
  • Advances in Diesel Filter
    • Duratrap RC 200/19
    • CO & SiC
    • Novel designs
  • Applications
    • LFA Filter
    • Light duty diesel engine
    • Filter with optimum microstructure
Instructor(s): Suresh Gulati & Ronald Heck
Dr. Suresh Gulati was a Research Fellow in the Science and Technology Division of Corning Inc. where he specialized in the behavior of glass, glass-ceramics and ceramics subjected to mechanical and thermal loads, their fatigue and fracture properties and their long-term reliability. He is a member of American Men and Women of Science and Who's Who in Technology Today. Dr. Gulati is the author of over 200 publications in the area of ceramic catalyst supports, fiber optics, liquid crystal display glasses, cathode ray tubes, space windows, automotive windshields, and stepper lenses made from high purity fused silica. Before joining Corning, he held positions with Cornell University, the University of Colorado, and Continental Can Company. Dr. Gulati has a Ph.D. in applied mechanics from the University of Colorado, an M.S. in mechanical engineering from Illinois Tech and a B.S. in mechanical engineering from the University of Bombay, India.

Dr. Ron Heck is currently an independent consultant. Previously, he was a research manager responsible for developing catalyst technology for Engelhard Corporation's worldwide customers in automotive catalyst. He has worked on the development of catalytic processes in SCR NOx, NSCR NOx, automotive catalyst, diesel catalyst, PremAirTM catalyst systems, hydrogenation technology, ozone abatement, volatile organic compound abatement, ammonia oxidation, chemical feedstock purification and chemical synthesis. He is a member of American Men and Women of Science and Who's Who in Technology Today. Dr. Heck is the author of over 80 publications in commercial applications of catalysts and holds 28 U.S. patents on catalytic processes. He is the co-author of the book with Dr. Farrauto entitled"Catalytic Air Pollution Control: Commercial Technology" and is the co-editor of the NewsBrief section of Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. Dr. Heck received his B.S. in chemical engineering and his Ph.D. from the University of Maryland.
Testimonial
"Excellent review of modern developments in after treatment/ emissions control technology."
Raj Nagarajan
Engineering Project Team Leader
Caterpillar Inc. R&D

"This course provides a nice rapid introduction to diesel exhaust and aftertreatment."
Ben Garman
Powertrain Controls Development
Ford Motor Company

"A very comprehensive overview of all aftertreatment options for diesel combustion emissions."
Carl Diver
Process Development Engineer
Delphi Corporation
Fees: $1385 SAE Members*: $1108 - $1247
* The appropriate SAE Member discount will be applied through the Registration process.  Discounts vary according to level of membership: Elite Member 20%; Premium Member 15%; Classic Member 10%
CEU 1.3