Algae and cellulosic biofuel supported in U.S. federal tax act
The Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) is expressing gratitude to the U.S. Congress for including extensions and modifications of the Second Generation Biofuel Producer Credit and the Special Allowance for Second Generation Biofuel Plant Property in final passage of the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012. The Act will incentivize investment in both cellulosic and algae biofuel production by renewing a $1.01 per gallon tax credit for producers and accelerated depreciation for newly constructed facilities during 2013, and modifying these credits to include algae. Said Brent Erickson, Executive Vice President of BIO’s Industrial and Environmental Section, in a Jan. 2 statement: “We thank Congress for extending the producer tax credit and bonus depreciation and enabling algae producers to qualify. Stability in such policies is crucial to maintaining private investment. We hope to work with Congress in the coming year to extend and maintain additional policies that support this innovation, such as a strong energy title in any upcoming Farm Bill, and the Renewable Fuel Standard.”
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Petri dishes of Solazyme's tailored algae strains.
U.S. Army tabs AVL and Achates Power for new-generation engine
The U.S. Army’s Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC) has awarded a $4.9 million contract to AVL Engineering and Achates Power Inc. to design and build a demonstrator engine as part of the military's Next-Generation Engine program intended for a wide range of combat and tactical vehicles. In its contract proposal, AVL said the engine would be based on Achates’ opposed-piston two-stroke technology. It will be multi-fuel-capable, per TARDEC's requirements. In developing its base engine technology, Achates has accumulated more than 3600 h of dynamometer testing, achieving 47.5% brake thermal efficiency, the company claims. The advantages demonstrated thus far are published in SAE International technical paper 2011-01-2216 and include leaner, faster, and earlier combustion and greater package efficiency, compared with current-generation diesels. AVL and Achates expect the engine's final design phase to be underway "over the next few years."
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Achates Power claims its current base engine technology achieves less than 0.1% fuel-specific oil consumption, with low heat rejection and packaging benefits compared with current-generation diesels.
Dana launches Chinese-specific off-highway drivetrain brand
Dana Holding Corp. has developed and launched the Spicer Rui Ma brand for a new class of transmissions and axles made in China to complement the supplier’s flagship Spicer brand. Announced at Bauma China 2012 in Shanghai, the initial Spicer Rui Ma products offered to Chinese OEMs include the Spicer TZL16 RM powershift transmission for ZL50 front-end loaders, the T08 RM transmission for 6- to 10-t (6.6- to 11-ton) forklift trucks, and the T39 RM tridem drive axle for five- and six-axle chassis concrete pump trucks and other heavy-duty vocational applications. The company plans to introduce additional Spicer Rui Ma transmissions and axles for the construction, mining, and material-handling industries in the coming months. Developed and produced at Dana’s manufacturing facility in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, Spicer Rui Ma transmissions and axles are supported by the supplier’s growing network of engineering, sales support, and aftermarket parts and service teams in China. Dana currently has nine facilities in China and plans to open a 12,000-m2 (129,000-ft2) technical center in Wuxi in early 2013 to provide advanced product and applications engineering.
Saft receives additional funding from BAE Systems for advanced Li-ion ESS
BAE Systems has awarded Saft $1.3 million in new funding to continue development of a lithium-ion (Li-ion) energy storage system (ESS) for the U.S. Army’s Ground Combat Vehicle (GCV) program. The new funding for the GCV project is an addition to the initial 2010 contract. Saft, which is designing and building ultrahigh-power cells for the vehicle’s hybrid-electric drive system, has already completed the demo battery system including hardware and software. Comprised of ultrahigh-power, high-voltage VL 5U cells, the Li-ion ESS supports the GCV’s electric drive system when the vehicle is not running on gasoline, such as during silent watch missions. Saft joins Northrop Grumman, MTU, QinetiQ, and L-3 Communications on the BAE Systems’ GCV team, one of two industry teams working on the technology development phase of the program. The 24-month technology development phase is aimed at completing preliminary design reviews to build prototype systems prior to the engineering and manufacturing phase. Saft believes it will likely be the battery supplier when production begins in 2019, if the BAE Systems/Northrop Grumman team is selected as the Army’s design and manufacturing partner.
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BAE Systems' solution for the U.S. Army’s GCV program—a nine-man Infantry Carrier (plus three crew members) that can protect against threats, move in urban and off-road terrain, and accommodate emerging technologies such as lightweight armor composites and electronics—includes a hybrid-electric drive system.
Motiv ePCS to power heavy electric trucks in Chicago
San Francisco Bay Area-based startup Motiv Power Systems has been chosen to supply its scalable electric Powertrain Control System (ePCS) to the City of Chicago for 20 all-electric garbage trucks, under an exclusive five-year, $13.4 million contract. The City of Chicago operates 600 garbage trucks in total. The ePCS uses off-the-shelf batteries and motors that can be configured to power medium-duty to Class 8 heavy-duty EV trucks, weighing from 15,000 to 52,000 lb (6800 to 23,500 kg). This design approach can cut operating costs by 50% over an eight-year period, according to Motiv. The company, which was founded in 2009, has been validating its ePCS since March 2012 with an all-electric pilot bus. Funded by a grant from the California Energy Commission, the 20-passenger bus contains five battery packs (125 kW·h) providing a range of more than 120 mi (193 km) on a single charge. The Motiv EV refuse trucks planned for Chicago will use the same ePCS system as the pilot bus, but with a larger motor and 10 battery packs, and will also employ an electric motor to drive the hydraulics system. Motiv will work with partner Detroit Chassis to install the ePCS onto a standard refuse chassis; Loadmaster will provide the truck bodies. Weighing 52,000 lb (23,500 kg), the EV refuse trucks will reportedly have a range of more than 60 mi (97 km), with a total energy storage of 200 kW·h. (Go to www.sae.org/mags/sohe/11486 to read about another recent electrified refuse truck project.)
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Weighing 52,000 lb, the Motiv-powered electric refuse trucks in Chicago will have a range of more than 60 mi (97 km), with a total energy storage of 200 kW·h.
Bobcat collaborates on non-DPF Tier 4 engine for 2014
Bobcat’s plan for Tier 4 solutions includes a Doosan-built engine added to some of its equipment lineup starting in early 2014. Development of the new Tier 4-compliant, non-DPF (diesel particulate filter) engine was a collaboration between engineers from Bobcat, Doosan (Bobcat’s parent company), and engine-development companies such as Ricardo and FEV. Bobcat says its customers and dealers prefer a non-DPF engine because it minimizes long-term Tier 4 parts and maintenance expenses, and reduces daily maintenance requirements and complexity. Three Doosan engine models will be available, between 1.8- to 3.4-L displacement and 33 to 99 hp (25 to 74 kW). The company will continue to provide parts, service, and warranty on Kubota engines, which represent the largest number of engines in Bobcat machines. Kubota engines will still be offered in select products. Bobcat plans to release more details—engine specs and customer features and benefits—on its Tier 4 machines and their engines over the next 18 months.
KLD Energy, Cenntro to develop specialized EVs for U.S., China
KLD Energy Technologies, Inc., an Austin, TX-based developer of electric propulsion and generation systems, has teamed up with Cenntro Group Ltd., a developer of diesel and liquid-propane powertrains for agricultural, transportation, and construction equipment, to jointly develop four-wheel electric vehicles (EVs) that will incorporate KLD’s EV drive system technologies. The companies plan to initially focus on the U.S., Europe, and China, with the launch of the Utility Electric Vehicle, an on- and off-highway work and maintenance vehicle; the low-speed Neighborhood Electric Vehicle; and the Intra-city Logistic Vehicle, a compact delivery vehicle. Cenntro Group owns a number of operations in China and the U.S., including Zenith Power Products, LLC and Xinchang Cenntro Machinery Co., Ltd., and is a major shareholder of Sinomachinery Group Ltd. In related news, KLD and Samsung SDI also recently entered into a cooperative relationship to jointly develop battery systems that will incorporate Samsung SDI’s lithium-ion battery cells and KLD’s EV drive technologies.
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KLD’s EV drive system—comprised of the battery pack, the electric motor, and the motor controller—is applicable in a range of products, including motorcycles and scooters, three- and four-wheel on- and off-highway vehicles, and equipment for wind-energy generation.
Rolls-Royce to power U.S. Navy’s new Ship-to-Shore Connector hovercraft fleet
Rolls-Royce won a contract to power the U.S. Navy’s future fleet of hovercrafts, known as the Ship-to-Shore Connector (SSC). It will work with Textron Marine & Land Systems, which has been selected to build the initial development craft, in a program that could extend to 73 craft. The SSC will replace the Navy’s current fleet of Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC) hovercraft over the next 20 years. The new hovercraft will be used to rapidly deploy personnel and vehicles between U.S. Navy ships and the shore. Each SSC will use multiple Rolls-Royce MT7 gas turbines, derived from the AE1107 engine, which powers the U.S. Marine Corps ’ V-22 Osprey tilt-rotor aircraft. Rolls-Royce will also design and manufacture the air intake and exhaust systems.
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On each hovercraft, the Rolls-Royce MT7 gas turbines will be connected to a sophisticated gearbox system providing both propulsion and lift.
Gentherm to adapt passenger-car thermoelectric generator to heavy vehicles
Gentherm has received a $1.55 million contract modification from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to apply the technology in its thermoelectric generator (TEG) for passenger cars to a similar program for heavy vehicles. The TEG technology, which converts waste heat from gas exhaust into electric energy, has the potential to improve passenger-car fuel efficiency by as much as 5%, the company claims. The grant is an add-on to the $8 million award from the DOE in August 2011 for converting thermoelectric heat to power for passenger cars and extends the technology to heavy military vehicles. With this new project, the U.S. Army Tank Automotive, Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC) becomes a key partner to Gentherm, joining passenger-car partners Ford and BMW. With completion expected by early 2015, the project will scale up the fully functional passenger-car TEG (working prototypes have been delivered to BMW and Ford) and integrate it with a 15-L diesel engine to provide fuel economy improvement and ignition-off auxiliary power for combat vehicles. This add-on leverages the existing program technology for large diesel engines, providing a new solution for military heavy vehicles, Class 8 trucks, marine, and industrial power generating equipment.
Other related articles include: http://www.sae.org/mags/aei/10647 and http://www.sae.org/mags/aei/7916.
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Gentherm's automotive thermoelectric generator (shown), which converts unused waste heat to electricity, is now being scaled up to suit heavy vehicles.
Navistar, JAC one step closer to Chinese engine joint venture
Navistar International Corp. and Chinese truck maker Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Co. Ltd. (JAC) recently received formal approval from China’s National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) to move forward with their commercial-engine joint venture, first announced in September 2010 when the companies signed an agreement. The JV will provide JAC with access to Navistar’s Euro IV and Euro V compliant technology, and also sets the stage for global export opportunities of JAC’s light-, medium-, and heavy-duty commercial trucks. Navistar has established a central China office in Shanghai, as well as satellite offices in Beijing and Hefei. In Hefei, product development engineers from both companies have been collaborating on engine and vehicle design. Construction also has started on a 93,000-m2 (1 million-ft2) machining and assembly facility, R&D center, and administrative offices in Hefei to support the new venture. Products slated for the JV include Navistar’s MaxxForce 3.2-, 4.8-, and 7.2-L, and JAC’s 2.8-L 4DA1 engines. Now that the JV has received its business license, Navistar and JAC planned to formally submit their commercial truck joint venture application to the Chinese government this fall.
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