Clarence Spicer, Automotive Pioneer Who Served As SAE President

An automotive revolution was started 100 years ago by a man who would go on to become the 1938 SAE President.

The invention and production of the universal joint by automotive engineer Clarence Spicer was a major engineering breakthrough. The universal joint replaced the chain method of transferring power from the engine to the wheels of a motor vehicle.

"Clarence Spicer unchained the early automobile," according to the Automotive Hall of Fame, into which Spicer was inducted in 1995. The universal joint reduced noise, protected against dust and dirt, and was easy to lubricate. The invention resulted in a more reliable vehicle and was a key to the rapid acceleration of American auto manufacturing.

Spicer's invention was patented in 1903 while he was a student at Cornell University's School of Engineering. He began manufacturing universal joints in Plainfield, New Jersey in April 1904, incorporating the Spicer Universal Joint Manufacturing Company in 1905. Spicer's partnership with Charles A. Dana in 1914 resulted in mass production of the universal joint and other products, and the eventual formation of the automotive supplier known today as the Dana Corporation.

"Clarence Spicer engrossed himself in a vexing problem for the early automakers - transmitting power to the wheels - and developed a unique solution," said Mike Burns, current CEO and president of Dana Corporation, in a press release celebrating the company's centennial earlier this year.

In addition to the universal joint, Spicer patented over 40 inventions that improved vehicle safety and performance. He was one of several experts called upon by the United States Army to design the Class B Liberty Truck for use in World War I.

An SAE member, Spicer served as the 1938 SAE President. He died in November 1939. As SAE approaches its 100th anniversary, it is appropriate to recognize Clarence Spicer, a legendary automotive pioneer who promoted SAE's mission.