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The SAE J1939 documents are intended for light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles used on or off road, as well as appropriate stationary applications which use vehicle derived components (e.g., generator sets). Vehicles of interest include, but are not limited to, on- and off-highway trucks and their trailers, construction equipment, and agricultural equipment and implements. The purpose of these documents is to provide an open interconnect system for electronic systems. It is the intention of these documents to allow electronic control units to communicate with each other by providing a standard architecture. This particular document, SAE J1939-22, describes the data link layer using the flexible data rate as defined in ISO 11898-1, December 2015. The flexible data rate capability in CAN (commonly called CAN FD) is implemented as a transport layer in order to allow for functional safety, cybersecurity, extended transport capability, and backward compatibility with SAE J1939DA.

Seat furnishings are installed around seats and are intended to enhance passenger privacy and comfort. They may have provisions for additional occupants to be seated when the aircraft is in-flight, but would not be occupied during taxi, take-off, and landing (TTL). This Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the minimum design, performance and qualification requirements for seat furnishings with and without upper attachments (see Figures 1 and 2) to be installed in large transport category airplanes. This standard excludes seat furnishing designs that are directly attached to the seat assembly, for which AS8049 is the applicable standard. Integrated items (desk tops, cabinets, shelves, stowage areas, closeouts, dividers, etc.) connected to seat furnishings shall comply with the requirements of this AS as part of the seat furnishings.

This SAE Technical Information Report provides a compendium of terms, definitions, abbreviations, and acronyms to enable common terminology for use in engineering reports, diagnostic tools, and publications related to active safety systems. This information report is a survey of active safety systems and related terms. The definitions offered are descriptions of functionality rather than technical specifications. Included are warning and momentary intervention systems, which do not automate any part of the dynamic driving task (DDT) on a sustained basis (SAE Level 0 as defined in SAE J3016), as well as definitions of select features that perform part of the DDT on a sustained basis (SAE Level 1 and 2).

Jeep engineers a Wrangler EV with manual gearbox

The present work aims at the reduction of transmission delay at the level of AFDX ES (Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet End-Systems). To this end, two approaches, namely Network Calculus and response time analysis (RTA), are employed in the computation of upper bound delay. To evaluate the delay regarding different scheduling policies, the arrival curve of the flow on output of ES is established for given traffic shaping algorithm and service mode. Computational analysis shows that Bandwidth Allocation Gap (BAG) based scheduling is the optimal policy at the level of AFDX ES, which leads to the tightest output arrival curve among all possible scheduling policies. BAG-based scheduling consists in assigning higher priority to virtual links with smaller BAG thus corresponding to the well known Rate-Monotonic Algorithm. Furthermore, schedulability criterion are established based on RTA.

PPG Industries, the world's leading manufacturer of transportation coatings, recently completed a study of consumer opinions regarding the importance of coatings and color as they relate to new car purchases. The goal of the study was to identify premium color consumers who place a large importance on vehicle color, what vehicles they purchase and how satisfied they are with the current color offerings. The internet based study consisted of approximately 1,340 U.S. consumers who have either purchased a new vehicle in the past two years, or are planning to purchase a vehicle within the next two years. Results from this study will be presented and those consumers identified by demographics. Presenter Michael Millar, PPG

The ISO 26262, titled "Road vehicles - Functional safety," is a Functional Safety standard that gives a guidance to reduce the risks to tolerable level by providing feasible requirements and processes. This standard is an adaptation of the Functional Safety standard IEC 61508 for Automotive Electrical/Electronic and programmable electronic Systems. The standard covers the development of safety-related electrical, electronic and programmable electronics systems in the road vehicles. It will have a significant impact on the way such systems are designed, developed, integrated and validated for safety. Functional safety of embedded systems has become an integral part in automotive engineering activities due to the recently released safety standard ISO 26262. One main challenge is to perform development activities compliant to the standard and provide the respective documentation.

BorgWarner ICE and EV portfolio Paul Farrell

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) discusses the desired characteristics of night vision goggle (NVG) filters that can be used with incandescent, electroluminescent (EL) and light emitting diode (LED) light sources to achieve NVG compatible lighting of aerospace crew stations. This document also discusses the parameters that need to be considered when selecting a night vision goggle/daylight viewing (NVG/DV) filter for proper contrast enhancement to achieve readability in daylight. The recommendations set forth in this document are to aid in the design of NVG compatible lighting that will meet the requirements of MIL-L-85762A and MIL-STD-3009.

Abstract Distributed drive electric vehicles can apply the four-wheel differential drive to change the vehicle handling performance, which can make the connected and automated vehicles (CAV) more controllable. This article proposes a hierarchical scheme of the torque-vectoring controller (TVC), whose key parameters affecting the control objective are optimized from the human-vehicle closed-loop simulation test. First, the radial basis function (RBF)-based adaptive second-order sliding mode control (RASOSMC) for additional yaw moment generation is designed in the upper layer of the controller. The lower layer is the torque distribution strategy that takes into consideration the minimization of the tire load and the control error of the additional yaw moment and yaw rate. Afterward, the longitudinal and lateral driver model with the adaptive correction of preview time is established.

Abstract In this article, different techniques for the removal of pollutants from diesel exhaust gasses using an all-solid-state electrochemical reactor are reviewed. Different concepts have been suggested in the literature, and on the background of this, advantages and drawbacks of electrochemical flue gas purification are outlined in the review. Early research has focused mainly on the removal of either hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides (NOx). For the latter, a very high current consumption has been stated in the literature. More recent research has shown that one type of electrochemical reactors can remove all pollutants from diesel exhaust gasses. However, the power consumption is still too high at present for the technology to be a feasible (around twice that of State-Of-the-Art (S-O-A) Selective Catalytic Reaction (SCR), which is around 1-2% of the total fuel consumption [1]).

Abstract In recent years, active sound design (ASD) has become one of the most important research topics in the field of active sound control technology. For electric vehicles (EVs), road noise and wind noise become the dominant contributors to the interior noise level due to the elimination of internal combustion engines (ICEs). In this case, different vehicle brands tend to resemble each other in the perspective of the interior sound quality, leading to the loss of the distinctive interior sound characteristics and brand image. In order to restore the brand DNA characteristics, ASD is a viable and implementable choice to break the dilemma the next-generation EVs would confront. Sound amplitude control strategy plays a key role in drivers’ subjective perception during dynamically operating an EV equipped with an ASD system.

Abstract With the introduction of autonomous vehicles, interest in platooning of Heavy Goods Vehicle (HGV) is gradually on the rise. Platooning of HGVs has several benefits such as an increase in fuel efficiency, reduction of congestion on roads, and lower costs incurred in operating a fleet. Therefore, several researchers are trying to address this problem by developing vehicle platooning algorithms that will allow HGVs to drive on highways in a tight platoon formation. This article proposes a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller based on the combination of Constant Distance (CD) and Constant Headway Time (CHT) policies to operate an HGV platoon in the Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) mode. In addition to CACC, the controller is tested and verified to carry out splitting and merging maneuvers. An Appeal, Reply, and Implementation (ARI) protocol has been proposed as the communication paradigm for the execution of splitting and merging maneuvers.

Many automotive industry safety advocates have been pushing for greater market penetration for active safety and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), with the goal of ending deaths due to car crashes. However, there are far-reaching implications for the collision repair, specialty equipment, and performance aftermarket sectors—after a collision or modification, the ADAS system functionality must be preserved to maintain, driver, passenger, and road user safety. To do this, sensor recalibration and ADAS functional safety validation and documentation after repair, modification, or accessorizing are necessary. Unsettled Issues on Sensor Calibration for Automotive Aftermarket ADAS tackles the challenges of accelerating the pace of ADAS implementation; increasing industry understanding of systems, sensors, software, controllers; and minimizing the overwhelming variety of sensor calibration procedures and automaker targets.

Abstract Contemporary power networks increasingly include distributed generation and storage, which must follow interconnection standards to ensure power quality and grid safety. One such standard is IEEE 1547-2018, “Limitation of DC injection.” Any poorly designed or malfunctioning power converter can inject DC, but high power converters, such as those used for electric vehicle (EV) chargers, are a proportionally larger concern. We propose that electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) be responsible for monitoring the DC injection level in AC current to and from EV on-board inverters to be compliant with IEEE 1547-2018 despite any on-board equipment failure. Another function of the EVSE is high-precision AC measurements for revenue metering. Due to mass production of EVSE, it is important to integrate DC injection detection into EVSE system cost-effectively. Therefore, it is advantageous for AC and DC injection to be measured with a single device.

Abstract With the emergence of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), numerous dynamic eco-driving strategies have been developed all over the world. The Eco-Approach and Departure (EAD) application is considered to be a promising solution to the relief of transportation activity-related pressure on energy and environment. Unlike most of existing EAD strategies that utilize signal phase and timing (SPaT) information on an intersection basis, we propose a computationally efficient algorithm for EAD along signalized corridors (EADSC), which can take advantage of SPaT information of all the intersections along the corridor as a whole, and can determine the optimal (in terms of fuel efficiency) speed trajectories with the consideration of the host vehicle’s powertrain characteristics.

Leader in Measurement Technology Joins Alliance Focused on Testing, Standardization and Certification of Advanced Mobility Systems and Services

2022 Jeep Wagoneer and Grand Wagoneer revealed Mike Uhlmeyer

The fuel injection pump is intended to validate the accuracy of calibrating nozzle and holder assemblies for applications using 0.4 - 0.8 mm diameter orifice plates and to assist in identifying problems in fuel injection pump test stands. This SAE Recommended Practice is divided into two parts: Part I—Design, Description and Specifications of the Fuel Injection Pump; and Part II—Test Procedures for Using the Fuel Injection Pump.

The correct setting and adjustment of fuel injection pumps requires standardized testing conditions. This SAE Standard summarizes the design and operating parameters for test benches so that, using certain information supplied by the pump manufacturer, the pump test schedule, and certain information supplied by the test bench manufacturer, it can be determined whether a particular test bench is suitable for driving a particular injection pump. This document is in most cases a summary of the ISO Standard 4008, Parts 1, 2, and 3 and is intended to provide its critical aspects. Standard ISO 4008 should be referred to for more details.