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UAS (Unmanned aircraft system), widely known to the general public as drones, are comprised of two major system elements: an Unmanned Aircraft (UA) and a Ground Control Station (GCS). ...UAS (Unmanned aircraft system), widely known to the general public as drones, are comprised of two major system elements: an Unmanned Aircraft (UA) and a Ground Control Station (GCS). UAS have a high mishap rate when compared to manned aircraft. This high mishap rate is one of several barriers to the acceptance of UAS for more widespread usage. ...This high mishap rate is one of several barriers to the acceptance of UAS for more widespread usage. Better awareness of the UA real time as well as long term health situation may allow timely condition based maintenance.

This paper illustrates the development of an Object-Oriented Bayesian Network (OOBN) to integrate the safety risks contributing to a notional “lost link” scenario for a small UAS (sUAS). This hypothetical case investigates the possibility of a “lost link” for the sUAS during the bridge inspection mission leading to a collision of the sUAS with the bridge. ...Such a study provides insight into the integration of UAS into the National Airspace System (NAS) that may be used to eventually inform type design, airworthiness, certifications, safety analyses and risk assessments, and operational requirements.

The UTP program pioneered usage of OSD Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Control Segment (UCS) Architecture Mission Effects Sub-domain and standardized STANAG 4586 weapon control messages that formed the basis of OSD's Data Link IP (draft). ...This was the first demonstration of a precision-guided weapon released from a RQ-7B Shadow UAS. It also marks the first-time that UAI protocol, Army/OSD standard weapon data link messages and a weapon control application built to the UCS Architecture Model were used in commanding a small precision-guided weapon from a UAS platform. ...It also marks the first-time that UAI protocol, Army/OSD standard weapon data link messages and a weapon control application built to the UCS Architecture Model were used in commanding a small precision-guided weapon from a UAS platform. AMRDEC's Universal Test Pod, developed in partnership with “Dynetics Incorporated”, “General Dynamics - Advanced Information Systems”, and “Torch Technologies Incorporated”, demonstrates the universal, open-standard attributes of the OSD's Weapons Universal Systems Interoperability Profile (USIP) and OSD's UAS UCS Architecture.

If an Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) encounters icing conditions during flight, those conditions might result in degraded aerodynamic performance of the overall UAS. If the UAS is not reacting appropriately, safety critical situations can quickly arise. Thereby, the rotors, respectively the propellers of the UAS are especially susceptible due to the increased airflow through their domain and the corresponding higher impingement rate of supercooled water droplets. ...The FFG/BMK funded research and development project “All-weather Drone” is investigating the icing phenomenon on UAS rotors for a 25 kg maximum take-off weight (MTOW) multirotor UAS and evaluating the feasibility of possible technical ice detection and anti-/de-icing solutions. ...If an Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) encounters icing conditions during flight, those conditions might result in degraded aerodynamic performance of the overall UAS.

This paper presents a comparison between different hypotheses of propulsion of a spherical UAS. Different architectures have been analyzed assessing their specific aerodynamic, energetic, and flight mechanics features. ...An effective energy assessment and comparison against a commercial UAS has been produced. Even if the paper considers a preliminary simplified configuration, it demonstrates clearly to be competitive against traditional quadcopters in a predefined reference mission.

Unmanned aviation systems (UAS) acquired for US Navy for military roles are developed in the context of NAVAIR's rigorous and well-established policies, procedures and processes employed in the acquisition and development of manned aircraft. ...Due to the perceived risks of UAS experimental flight test, the use of this process has been mandated for all Navy organizations, including use of commercially available UAS in research projects. ...Due to the perceived risks of UAS experimental flight test, the use of this process has been mandated for all Navy organizations, including use of commercially available UAS in research projects. This policy has proved to be a challenge, impeding and discouraging the use of UAS in research and experimental projects.

We have assembled and demonstrated a prototype power system that uses an innovative hydrogen generator to fuel an ultra-compact PEM fuel cell that is suitable for use in small unmanned aerial system (UAS) propulsion systems. The hydrogen generator uses thermal decomposition of ammonia borane (AB) to produce hydrogen from a very compact and lightweight package. ...The fuel cell plant utilized in the power system prototype has been flown as part of several small UAS development programs and has logged hundreds of hours of flight time. The plant was designed specifically to be readily integrated with a range of hydrogen fueling subsystems and contains the balance of plant necessary to facilitate stand-alone operation.

Upon their arrival, Unmanned Autonomous Systems (UAS) brought with them many benefits for those involved in a military campaign. They can use such systems to reconnoiter dangerous areas, provide 24-hr aerial security surveillance for force protection purposes or even attack enemy targets all the while avoiding friendly human losses in the process. ...All this has the potential to turn the benefits of UAS into liabilities and although the last decade has seen great advances in the development of protection and countermeasures against the described threats and beyond the risk still endures. ...With this in mind the present work will describe a monitoring system whose purpose is to monitor UAS mission profile implementation at both high level mission execution and at lower level software code operation to tackle the specific threats of malicious code and possible spurious commands received over the vehicle's data links.

Weight reduction in structural aerospace configuration is based both on specific material selection and on the selection of specific shape and sections. UAS structures need both the introduction of new advanced composites and the definition of light weight construction based on thin walled configuration.

The innovative highly flexible wings made of extremely light structures, yet still capable of carrying a considerable amount of non- structural weights, requires significant effort in structural simulations. The complexity involved in such design demands for simplified mathematical tools based on appropriate nonlinear structural schemes combined with reduced order models capable of predicting accurately their aero-structural behaviour. The model presented in this paper is based on a consistent nonlinear beam-wise scheme, capable of simulating the unconventional aeroelastic behaviour of flexible composite wings. The partial differential equations describing the wing dynamics are expanded up to the third order and can be used to explore the effect of static deflection imposed by external trim, the effect of gust loads and the one of nonlinear aerodynamic stall.

In this work, the Hydra Technologies Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) wing was simulated in several flight conditions. The simulations were carried out with the FLUENT Computational Fluid Dynamics code in 2D, and the grid was drawn with ICEM.

This method is based on traditional design methodology - wing loading estimation for preliminary sizing - modified for Solar Powered UAS case. Based on past works on Solar Powered UAS design, proposes a method that considers payload power consumption and therefore its impact on battery sizing. ...Solar Powered UAS is mainly considered for missions that require a long endurance flight with technological advances in areas such energy storages, solar cells and electronics miniaturization, Solar Powered UAS is already reality and has being mentioned in many Market Forecasts related to UAS nowadays. ...In addition, this method was validated with some built Solar Powered UAS presenting high accuracy between built UAS (its realization) and the method proposed.

But the skies can only really open up to UAS when there is an agreed upon UAS safety policy with commonly accepted UAS Safety Risk Management (SRM) processes enabling to show that the risks related to UAS operations in all the different airspace classes can be adequately controlled. ...The purpose is that all potential risks of the newly proposed UAS operations are controlled so that the existing safety level does not decrease (i.e. provides the baseline from which safety requirements for new proposed UAS operations are derived). A survey of UAS activities provides an initial view on the risks and hazards to be considered, the needs and role of potential SRM users, the scope of the aviation system to be considered, the risks to be regulated, selection of suitable risk metrics, and the setting of an acceptable level of safety. ...Although Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) have now for some time been used in segregated airspace where separation from other air traffic can be assured, potential users have interests to deploy UAS in non segregated airspace.

However, integration of UAS into non-segregated airspace is only viable if UAS operations are proved to be safe enough. ...Such method could support regulators with the setting of UAS safety requirements. It may also be used by applicants (UAS operators and manufacturers) for identification of UAS related hazards, causal factors, and accident scenarios. ...Specific UAS related ESDs are added to cover UAS specific hazards that do not exist in manned aircraft operation [12].

Economic and public benefits associated with UAS use across multiple commercial sectors are driving new regulations which alter the stringent laws currently restricting UAS flights over people. As new regulations are enacted and more UAS populate the national airspace, there is a need to both understand and quantify the risk associated with UAS impacts with the uninvolved public. ...The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical response and injury outcomes of Post Mortem Human Surrogates (PMHS) subjected to UAS head impacts. For this work, PMHS were tested with differing UAS vehicles at multiple impact angles, locations and speeds. ...Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), commonly known as drones, are part of a new and budding industry in the United States. Economic and public benefits associated with UAS use across multiple commercial sectors are driving new regulations which alter the stringent laws currently restricting UAS flights over people.

The number of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) has been growing over the past few years and will continue to grow at a faster pace in the near future. ...The number of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) has been growing over the past few years and will continue to grow at a faster pace in the near future. UAS faces many challenges in certification, airspace management, operations, supply chain, and maintenance. ...Hence it is essential to study how blockchain can help UAS. This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) presents the current opportunities, challenges of UAS operating at or below 400 ft Above Ground Level (AGL) altitude for commercial use and how blockchain can help meet these challenges.

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) emerge as a viable, operational technology for potential civil and commercial applications in the National Airspace System (NAS). ...This study presents a systems-level approach to analyze the safety impact of introducing a new technology, such as UAS, into the NAS. Utilizing Safety Management Systems (SMS) principles and the existing regulatory structure, this paper outlines a methodology to determine a mandatory safety baseline for a specific area of interest regarding a new aviation technology, such as UAS Sense and Avoid. ...Utilizing Safety Management Systems (SMS) principles and the existing regulatory structure, this paper outlines a methodology to determine a mandatory safety baseline for a specific area of interest regarding a new aviation technology, such as UAS Sense and Avoid. The proposed methodology is then employed to determine a baseline set of hazards and causal factors for the UAS Sense and Avoid problem domain and associated regulatory risk controls.

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) have been growing over the past few years and will continue to grow at a faster pace in future. ...Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) have been growing over the past few years and will continue to grow at a faster pace in future. UAS faces many challenges in certification, airspace management, operations, supply chain, and maintenance. ...Hence it is essential to study on how blockchain can help UAS. G-31 technical committee of SAE International responsible for electronic transactions for aerospace has published AIR 7356 [1] entitled Opportunities, Challenges and Requirements for use of Blockchain in Unmanned Aircraft Systems Operating below 400ft above ground level for Commercial Use.

The sound produced by Unmanned Aerial Systems (known as UAS or Drones) is often considered to be one of the main barriers (alongside privacy and safety concerns) preventing the widespread use of these vehicles in environments where they may be in close proximity to the general public. ...To better understand the potential environmental noise impact of commercial UAS operations, work undertaken by the University of Salford has focused on two key areas. Firstly, how to characterise and measure the sound produced by UAS during outdoor flight conditions and secondly, better understanding of the dose response of UAS noise when the listener is in either an indoor or outdoor environment. ...Firstly, how to characterise and measure the sound produced by UAS during outdoor flight conditions and secondly, better understanding of the dose response of UAS noise when the listener is in either an indoor or outdoor environment.

The VUSIL program has developed a concept for the integration of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into non-segregated airspace, which is also used by manned civil aviation. For the integration of UAS it is necessary for the Unmanned Aircraft (UA) pilot to be aware of the surrounding traffic in order to recognise and resolve possible conflicts. ...For the integration of UAS it is necessary for the Unmanned Aircraft (UA) pilot to be aware of the surrounding traffic in order to recognise and resolve possible conflicts. ...To validate the concept, two flight campaigns with two different UAS (LUNA by EMT GmbH and NEO by Swiss UAV) and several intruders were conducted. In the first flight campaign, the intruders for the real flying UAS were simulated.