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This standard is applicable to reciprocating engines powering unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) that have rated power values less than 22.4 kW and are not to be used for human transport. This standard only covers engines designed for 150 hours of operation or higher.

This recommended practice is applicable to reciprocating engines powering unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) having rated power values less than 22.4 kW, and which are not to be used for human transport.

This standard is applicable to reciprocating engines powering unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) that have rated power values less than 22.4 kW and are not to be used for human transport.

Current US military small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) rely on engines and propellers sourced from the hobby radio-controlled (RC) aircraft industry. ...Torque, thrust, power, brake specific fuel consumption, (BSFC) and propeller efficiency data for a UAS engine are presented.

A series hybrid-electric propulsion system has been designed for small rapid-response unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) with the goals of improving endurance, providing flexible and responsive electric propulsion, and enabling heavy fuel usage. ...An energy-dense rechargeable battery pack was used to store energy and allow the UAS to operate with the engine shut off, which provided an engine-off operating mode. The ISA allowed re-starting the engine in flight without the need for a separate starter motor. ...The series hybrid UAS outfitted with the custom diesel engine demonstrated endurance improvements, due to additional benefits netted from the improved engine efficiency.

A pre-chamber spark plug with hot surface-assisted spark ignition (HSASI) was developed at the UAS Karlsruhe to overcome the drawbacks of charge dilution, especially under part load or cold start conditions, such as inhibited ignition and slow flame speed, and to even enable a further increase of the dilution rate.

Environmental issues have a significant influence on the development of modern combustion engines. Particularly the tightening of emission limits in Europe and the USA have to be considered in the development process. One issue that influences the emissions of engines is the oil consumption of the engine and thus the reduction of the oil consumption of combustion engines has gained importance in recent years. In order to optimize the oil consumption of the engine a measurement technique is needed that allows a very accurate detection of the engine oil consumption for steady state as well as for transient engine operation points. Since conventional measurement techniques provide only limited accuracy at long measuring times and are only applicable for steady state engine operation new methods for the online detection of the engine oil consumption have to be established. New methods for the oil consumption measurement are the tracer methods.

In coming years a special focus in the field of GDI engines will be on downsized concepts and highly-charged gasoline direct injection engines. This is due to stricter emission laws, higher customer requirements, greater environmental awareness as well as high demands on materials and resources. Especially at cold start, catalyst heating and warm up operation GDI engines have an issue with oil dilution. Fuel gets into the oil pan and is mixed with the engine oil so that the physical and chemical properties of the engine oil are changed. Adjusting engine operating points to higher mean effective pressures in downsizing concepts also an additional increase of the fuel input into the engine oil occurs. At the University of Applied Sciences Regensburg measurements were carried out at a direct injected gasoline engine with lateral injector position.

Hybrid electric powertrains are developed for reducing the fuel consumption and consequently the emission of carbon dioxide. The fuel consumption of those systems depends significantly on the topology of the powertrain and the applied control strategy. For testing and improving the control strategy in terms of the overall system efficiency, Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation can be applied. In order to operate the corresponding electronic control units in a virtual environment, it emulates the behavior of the actuator and sensor signals by a real-time simulation of the powertrain. Developing those powertrain models is a time-consuming task, due to high dynamics and high switching frequencies of the electrical subsystem and due to the large diversity of powertrain configurations.

The emission reduction potential of high boost and high injection pressures was investigated on a 4-cylinder small bore diesel engine at high rates of exhaust gas recirculation. For this reason an external boosting system was built up, which allowed to generate the desired boost pressure independent from the engine's operating point. In order to simulate conditions comparable to a real turbocharged engine, also the influence of the turbine on the exhaust back pressure was considered. The whole measurement campaign was carried out at two load points (low- and mid-load), which represent characteristic engine operating points of the Urban Driving Cycle (UDC). On the one hand could be shown, that there is an enormous potential in the reduction of particulate matter (PM) up to 75 % and of carbon monoxide (CO) up to 15 % at the mid-load point by increasing the boost pressure.

New trends in the development of combustion engines lead to changed engine operating conditions which also result in changed loads of the engine parts and functional components. The application of regenerative fuels and new exhaust after- treatment systems can for example lead to an increased input of fuel into the engine oil. Oil dilution is an issue that impacts the engine operation and life cycle and therefore gains importance during the development process of combustion engines. In order to improve oil dilution to preclude destructive amounts of fuel in the oil it is necessary to investigate and optimize the fuel in oil sorption and desorption processes. At the University of Applied Sciences Regensburg a new measurement technique has been developed that realizes the online analysis of the fuel quantity in the engine oil.

Aviation propulsion development continues to rely upon fossil fuels for the vast majority of commercial and military applications. Until these fuels are depleted or abandoned, burning them will continue to jeopardize air quality and provoke increased regulation. With those challenges in mind, research and development of more efficient and electric propulsion systems will expand. Fuel-cell technology is but one example that addresses such emission and resource challenges, and others, including negligible acoustic emissions and the potential to leverage current infrastructure models. For now, these technologies are consigned to smaller aircraft applications, but are expected to mature toward use in larger aircraft. Additionally, measures such as electric/conventional hybrid configurations will ultimately increase efficiencies and knowledge of electric systems while minimizing industrial costs.

Formula SAE-a winners again Monash University took the top spot in the 2010 Formula SAE-Australasia student competition for the second year in a row. Dual-fuel lab engines achieve high efficiencies, low emissions Experiments conducted by researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison as well as at Oak Ridge National laboratory demonstrate that partial blending of two fuels in the cylinder can promote a more ideal combustion process. Detroit motor show Small and efficient cars stole the show at the recent North American International auto show. nextgen today and tomorrow The FAA has reached a major milestone on the next generation air transportation system initiative to modernize America's national airspace system.

Knowledge wins at 2017 Formula SAE Lincoln The University of Pennsylvania and Texas A&M win the Electric and Internal Combustion Classes, respectively. Flying high at SAE Aero Design New for the twin 2017 competitions in Texas and Florida was a requirement for planes registered in the Regular Class to carry "passengers." Pedal to the metal at Formula SAE Michigan More than 100 university teams compete in this premier student racecar design competition combining static and dynamic events. Removing bumps on the path to fully automated driving Inaugural workshop for new AutoDrive Challenge student competition held at SAE World Headquarters.

The Digital Cockpit of the Future How Human Machine Interface Technology Will Impact Avionics Displays The Science of Joining Dissimilar Metals in Aerospace Manufacturing Designing A/D Converters for the James Webb Space Telescope Vibration Testing NASA's X-57 Maxwell Electric Aircraft Hybrid Circulators for mmWave Systems Transforming Battlespace Communications Pulsed Exposure Toxicity Testing: Method Development and Initial Evaluation for Stormwater Compliance Preliminary research into modifying whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing protocols designed for continuous flow discharges as applied to episodic and/or ephemeral discharges such as those associated with storm water runoff. Upgrade Transonic Compressor Test Rig Data Acquisition System New software programming using commercial off-the-shelf software for acquiring data, processing data, displaying results, and generating reports is implemented to improve the performance of a legacy system.

Half the electric vehicle market value lies in larger road vehicles, notably cars, and here the legal restrictions are weaker or non-existent, and range anxiety compels most people to buy hybrids if they go electric at all. Over eight million hybrid cars will be made in 2025, each with a range extender, the additional power source that distinguishes them from pure electric cars. Add to that significant money spent on the same devices in buses, military vehicles, boats and so on and a major new market emerges. Whereas today's range extenders usually consist of little more than off- the- shelf internal combustion engines, these are rapidly being replaced by second- generation range extenders consisting of piston engines designed from scratch for fairly constant load. However, a more radical departure is the third- generation micro turbines and fuel cells that work at constant load.

Interoperability Standards Pave the Way for Modular Robotic Manipulators Solar Powering UAVs Deploying COTS Subsystems in UUVs Developing a Multi-Modal UGV Robot Control Interface Fast-Tracking Autonomous Vehicles with Simulation Gesture-Based Controls for Robots: Overview and Implications for Use by Soldiers Identifying the Flow Physics and Modeling Transient Forces on Two-Dimensional Wings Experimental Confirmation of an Aquatic Swimming Motion Theoretically of Very Low Drag and High Efficiency The Scaling of Loss Pathways and Heat Transfer in Small Scale Internal Combustion Engines A Guide for Developing Human-Robot Interaction Experiments in the Robotic Interactive Visualization and Experimentation Technology (RIVET) Simulation

Global Viewpoints The latest strategies are investigated for vehicle development by automakers and major suppliers. Sports cars embrace array of green technology IMSA Tudor United SportsCar Championship promotes a variety of green technologies to link racing to the road. More gears, more challenges Many strategies, as well as key software and hardware aspects related to controllers, networks, sensors, and actuators, must be considered to keep automatic transmissions shifting smoothly as more gears are added to improve fuel economy. Advancing structural composites Industry experts address the opportunities and challenges involved with moving toward composite-intensive vehicles, including Nissan's effort to produce a high-volume, fully recyclable composite liftgate with low metal content.

According to the presentation, the cargo variant of the Blue Moon lander can carry 3.6 metric tons to the lunar surface. Another lander variant could potentially stretch to be capable of carrying a 6.5-metric-ton, human-rated ascent stage.

The electric vehicle business will approach a massive $500 billion in 2025 with the traction motors segment capturing over $25 billion. Traction motors propelling land, water and air vehicles along can consist of one inboard motor or - an increasing trend - more than one near the wheels, in the wheels, in the transmission or ganged to get extra power. Complex trends in this industry are explained with this updated report, and future winning suppliers are identified alongside market forecasts. The information is especially important as hybrid vehicles may have the electric motor near the conventional engine or its exhaust, and this may mean they need to tolerate temperatures never before encountered in pure electric vehicles. Motors for highly price-sensitive markets such as electric bikes, scooters, e-rickshaws and micro EVs avoid the price hikes of neodymium and other rare earths in the magnets.