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This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides insights on how to perform a Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) to determine the Return on Investment (ROI) that would result from implementing a blockchain solution to a new or an existing business process. The word “blockchain” refers to a method of documenting when data transactions occur using a distributed ledger with desired immutable qualities. ...The scope of the current document is on enterprise blockchain which gives the benefit of standardized cryptography, legal enforceability and regulatory compliance. ...This document is intended for people who do not have a deep technical understanding or familiarity with blockchain solutions to qualify and quantify its economic benefits (i.e., the value proposition).

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) focuses on opportunities, challenges, and requirements in use of blockchain for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) operating at and below 400 feet above ground level (AGL) for commercial use. ...Blockchain—defined as a distributed ledger technology that includes enterprise blockchain—can help address some of these challenges. Blockchain technology is evolving and also poses certain concerns in adoption. This AIR provides information on the current UAS challenges and how these challenges can be addressed by deploying blockchain technology along with identified areas of concern when using this technology. ...This AIR provides information on the current UAS challenges and how these challenges can be addressed by deploying blockchain technology along with identified areas of concern when using this technology. The scope of this AIR includes elicitation of key requirements for blockchain in UAS across its life cycle and the need for the standardization of blockchain-enabled processes.

UAS faces many challenges in certification, airspace management, operations, supply chain, and maintenance. Blockchain, defined as a distributed ledger technology for the enterprise that features immutability, traceability, automation, data privacy, and security, can help address some of these challenges. ...However, blockchain also has certain challenges and is still evolving. Hence it is essential to study on how blockchain can help UAS. ...Hence it is essential to study on how blockchain can help UAS. G-31 technical committee of SAE International responsible for electronic transactions for aerospace has published AIR 7356 [1] entitled Opportunities, Challenges and Requirements for use of Blockchain in Unmanned Aircraft Systems Operating below 400ft above ground level for Commercial Use.

One of the common use cases is replacing paper records as a proof of compliance with a blockchain enabled distributed ledger. Commonly available open source blockchain frameworks have security ingrained in the components. ...Blockchain as a technology has been successfully deployed in the financial industry. As the technology continues to mature, there are opportunities to use this to solve operational challenges in Aerospace. ...However, replacing paper records with a blockchain based distributed ledger will require investigation of potential risks involved in the end to end usage of this technology for records management.

Technology that augments, rather than replaces, is needed to transform these complex systems into efficient, digital processes. Blockchain technology offers collaborative opportunities for solving some of the data problems that have long challenged the industry. ...Walthall examines how blockchain technology could impact the aerospace industry and addresses some of the unsettled concerns surrounding its implementation.

Ganache blockchain test network was employed to host the blockchain network and test the operation of the proposed blockchain model. ...The suitability of the model is validated in real-time using a UAV and all the flight data are captured and uploaded into the blockchain. The model was executed successfully, and the data uploaded in the blockchain is found to be in line with the developed model. ...To improve the security and the trust of such aerial transportation systems, Blockchain can be used as a potential technology to manage, operate and monitor the entire process.

One such technology for recording electronic transactions securely is Blockchain, defined as distributed ledger technologies which includes enterprise blockchain. Blockchain is not widely used in the aerospace industry due to lack of technical understanding and questions about its benefits. ...Assessment and establishment of business case for implementing blockchain based solution is needed. The aerospace industry is very conservative when it comes to technology adoption and hence it is difficult to change legacy processes. ...The technology is advancing at a faster rate and applies across geographies under various regulatory oversight which makes blockchain based solution implementation challenging. G-31 electronic transactions for aerospace standards committee of SAE International has conducted a study on determination of cost benefits from implementing a blockchain solution.

UAS faces many challenges in certification, airspace management, operations, supply chain, and maintenance. Blockchain, defined as a distributed ledger technology for the enterprise that features immutability, traceability, automation, data privacy, and security, can help address some of these challenges. ...However, blockchain also has certain drawbacks and, additionally, it is still not fully mature. Hence it is essential to study how blockchain can help UAS. ...Hence it is essential to study how blockchain can help UAS. This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) presents the current opportunities, challenges of UAS operating at or below 400 ft Above Ground Level (AGL) altitude for commercial use and how blockchain can help meet these challenges.

Multi-year Cooperative Agreement with SkyThread to Enhance Aviation Safety, Supply Chain Reliability and Unlock Value by Improving Data Flow Between Aviation Transactions

Fog computing distributes data in a decentralized way and blockchain also works on the principle of decentralization. Blockchain, as a decentralized database, uses cryptographic methods including hash functions and public key encryption to secure the user information. ...We provide blockchain security in UAV-based fog computing to secure a large volume of data. The communicated data is stored in the form of blocks with hash functions, which guarantee security in the network. ...Thus, the aim of blockchain security is to guarantee that any hostile third party cannot corrupt or change the live missions or tasks allocated to actual UAV–Fog nodes.

Topics covered include: Blockchain use in aerospace Electric propulsion and aircraft eVTOL in multiple applications Integrated Vehicle Health Management MRO 4.0 Quantum computing in the aerospace domain Satellite navigation and ATC Urban air mobility

Though piloted with some centralized control related to the centralized issuance of qualifications, the paper describes how blockchain technology in this application could allow a consortium of companies to manage such a database in a decentralized structure like a decentralized autonomous organization.

The integrated use of rapidly evolving technology (Blockchain, IoT, Artificial Intelligence, 5G Cellular Technology and Mobile Edge Computing) is facilitating an integrated more industry cooperative approach enabling this progressive disintermediation.

It utilizes Blockchain’s core concepts like Distributed Ledger, Consensus, and Immutable Smart Contracts. The concept blends harmoniously to the CONOPS recently published by FAA, though the degrees of involvement by various actors of the eco system are primed for the very adaptation soon when “self-aware” aircraft are expected to dominate the urban skies.

Boeing and SparkCognition are collaborating on unmanned aircraft system (UAS) traffic management (UTM) solutions that leverage artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technologies to track unmanned air vehicles in flight and allocate traffic corridors and routes to ensure safe, secure transportation.

An Integrated Framework for Complex Radar System Design Thermoplastic Composites to Play Enhanced Role in Next-Generation Aerospace Applications Using Ruggedized Test Equipment to Solve Jet Engine Problems How FMC Developments Support Legacy and Next-Gen Data Needs XPONENTIAL 2019 - An AUVSI Experience Understanding the 'Black Art' of RF and Microwave Switching A New Approach to Satellite Communications Modular Biosensor Patch Identifying new biomarkers to help monitor cognition and stress in the human body could enhance human performance. Characterization of Bore Temperatures and Stresses in Small Caliber Gun Barrels Data gathered from physical testing will be compared to analytical methods used to assess barrel wall temperature profiles and barrel wall stress and strain. Simulation of Active Imaging Systems Better data could lead to systems that improve tactical target acquisition, particularly under adverse environmental conditions.

Artificial Intelligence in the Battlespace Key Considerations for a New Way of Fighting War Machining Beryllium Electrified Propulsion for Aerospace Where to Start The Future of Managing Mission-Critical Systems Improving Battlefield Connectivity for the Modern Warfighter How to Test a Cognitive EW System Molded RF Materials for Hypersonic Sensors and Seekers AUVSI XPONENTIAL Multimode Optical Fiber Sensing Although the vast majority of fiber optic strain sensors use single mode fiber, multimode fiber has a higher nonlinear threshold that enables higher light levels and lower noise, while the diversity of spatial modes can be used to develop sensors that are inherently immune to signal fading. Autonomous and Resilient Management of All-Source Sensors for Navigation Assurance As the number and type of sensors informing a system increases, so does the probability of corrupting the system with sensor modeling errors, signal interference, and undetected faults.

Ruggedizing Commercial-Grade Computers into MIL-Hardened Systems An Introduction to PCM Heat Sinks Eye Tracking Technology Improving the Skills Gap, Efficiency, and Quality Assurance in Aerospace Manufacturing Streamlining EMC Solutions for Avionics Interfaces Hardware Design of a High Dynamic Range Radio Frequency (RF) Harmonic Measurement System. Using RISC-V to Simplify Data Logging in Space Novel Characterization Methods for Anisotropic and Mixed-Conduction Materials Seven new characterization methods have been developed for the specialized materials used in state-of-the-art electronic and optoelectronic devices. Circuit Models for Robust, Adaptive Neural Control Understanding a nematode's simple circuit could provide a foundation for understanding much more complex behaviors.

The prevalence of counterfeits, coupled with the critical nature of aviation components, has spawned an industry of supply chain verification technology and services.