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At the same time, mandated improvements to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) require that these NOX reductions be achieved without sacrificing fuel consumption and increasing GHG emissions. ...At the same time, mandated improvements to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) require that these NOX reductions be achieved without sacrificing fuel consumption and increasing GHG emissions. The CARB demonstration program has progressed through several stages since it was initiated, and the Stage 3 Low NOX program completed in 2020 represents the culmination of these technology demonstration efforts. ...This effort, using a 2017 production diesel engine as a baseline, demonstrated a combination of technologies that enabled Low NOX emission levels near the 90% reduction target, while at the same time maintaining GHG emission rates at the same levels as the base engine. Previous publications have gone into detail regarding individual elements of the Stage 3 technology package.

The Stage 3 program leverages a different engine architecture more representative of the broader heavy-duty industry to meet the Phase 2 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) targets and to simplify the ULN aftertreatment solution. The following work will discuss the aftertreatment technology evaluation, down selection criteria, and the emission results for the candidate ULN systems