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By almost any definition, technology has penetrated the U.S. light-duty vehicle fleet significantly in conjunction with the increased stringency of fuel economy and GHG emissions regulations. The physical presence of advanced technology components provides one indication of the efforts taken to reduce emissions, but that alone does not provide a complete measure of the benefits of a particular technology application.

Under U.S. GHG and CAFE regulations, manufacturers are required to perform confirmatory testing to validate indirect air conditioning credits (refer to 40 CFR 86.1868-12). ...This SAE Recommended Practice describes the work done by the IMAC GHG CRP to develop test procedures, publish SAE Standards, and determine performance requirements to demonstrate the performance of A/C technologies from the pre-approved credit menu meeting regulatory requirements.

A simplified LCA model of a car, where the main body material is a parameter and only the GHG impact is calculated, has been built in order to investigate broad assumptions on material production and recycling. ...The only unequivocal conclusion is that recycling should be systematically fostered to reduce the GHG impact.

The most life cycle energy and GHG reductions occur with aluminum, but the energy and GHG reduction per unit mass removed is greater for A/HSS. ...As lightweight materials and advanced combustion engines are being used in both conventional and electrified vehicles with diverse fuels, it is necessary to evaluate the individual and combined impact of these technologies to reduce energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This work uses life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the total energy and GHG emissions for baseline and lightweight internal combustion vehicles (ICVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) when they are operated with baseline and advanced gasoline and ethanol engines. ...For the scenarios considered in this work, the least life cycle energy and GHGs are obtained with a lightweight PHEV with an aluminum BIW and advanced gasoline engine. Overall, results show that advanced gasoline and ethanol engines and lightweight materials provide complimentary benefits for conventional and electrified vehicles and will reduce life cycle energy and GHG emissions while playing a key role in meeting future CAFE standards.

This study investigates the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of a set of vehicles using two real-world gliders (vehicles without powertrains or batteries); a steel-intensive 2013 Ford Fusion glider and a multi material lightweight vehicle (MMLV) glider that utilizes significantly more aluminum and carbon fiber. ...Our results show that the MMLV glider can reduce life cycle GHG emissions despite its use of lightweight materials, which can be carbon intensive to produce, because the glider enables a decrease in fuel (production and use) cycle emissions. ...However, the fuel savings, and thus life cycle GHG emission reductions, differ substantially depending on powertrain type. Compared to ICVs, the high efficiency of HEVs decreases the potential fuel savings.

The trend towards renewable energy sources will continue under the pre-amble of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets. The main question is how to harvest and store renewable energy properly. ...The usage of e-Fuels in the existing ICE-powered vehicle fleet has a big lever arm to reduce the GHG emissions of the transport sector in the short- and medium term. The paper covers the whole well-to-wheel (WtW) pathway by discussing the e-Fuel production from renewable sources, the storage and the usage in the vehicle.

With regards to the HVAC systems, enhancements such as ultra-low permeation hose assemblies and adoption of low GWP refrigerant have shown promising results in reducing the direct GHG emissions by controlling refrigerant permeation & indirect GHG emissions by using compact and high efficiency compressors, compact heat exchangers, and other technologies that contribute to weight reduction and ultimately impact CO2 emissions. ...Automotive OEMs are adapting various “green” technologies to meet the upcoming and anticipated regulations for reducing direct and indirect GHG emissions equivalent to CO2. Using compact devices and lightweight components on the aggregates, OEMs get the benefit of carbon credits towards their contribution in reducing CO2 emissions.

Steel is lean in energy and GHG emissions during the construction-phase. High-strength steels make it fairly easy to reduce vehicle weight, which has a strong influence on the use phase impacts, and the indefinite recyclability of steel also influences the end-of-life.

In this regard, Brazil has agreed in reducing GHG by 50% until 2030. Flexfuel technology was introduced in the Brazilian market decreasing fuel conversion efficiency due to the use of an intermediary compression ratio value, lower in comparison with the best value for engines exclusively fueled with ethanol and higher for gasoline. ...Many European countries have been pointing to the electrification of the light vehicle as a solution to mitigate GHG, which is neither best nor a feasible solution for the future of Brazilian mobility. Brazil has an average of 5000 Wh/m2 of solar irradiation per day having 66.3 million hectares of cultivated land (only 7.8% of the national territory), therefore a much higher biomass production capacity compared to Europe.

The importance of in-design “pairing” of low-viscosity motor oils with the ring pack and the cylinder bore characteristics in order to achieve maximum reduction in GHG emissions and improvement in fuel economy without sacrificing the endurance is elucidated. Earlier motored friction data for two different gasoline engines - Ford Duratec and Mercedes Benz M133 - using motor oils of different viscosity grades are now rationalized using AVL EXCITE® piston/bore tribology simulations.

Furthermore, since the aluminum oxidation is completely GHG free and the alumina produced by the reaction can be recycled back to aluminum, the process has a sustainable environmental management.

With forthcoming 2014 EPA GHG legislation capping methane emissions at 0.10 g/bhp-hr for heavy-duty engines, development of a thermally stable and sulfur-tolerant methane oxidation catalyst becomes more critical.

A large increase in GHG emissions has led to a substantial increase in EV adoption. Due to its complexity, predicting the states of LIB remains to be a roadblock for mass adoption.

Mobile Vehicle Air Conditioning (MVAC) systems are a substantial source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The use of high-GWP R-134a in MVAC systems contributes a lot to the inflated climate footprint of the segment.

Current legislative trends regarding diesel emissions are striving to achieve two seemingly competing goals: simultaneously lowering NOx and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These two goals are considered at odds since lower GHG emissions (e.g. CO2) is achieved via high combustion efficiency that result in higher engine out NOx emissions and lower exhaust gas temperatures [1, 2].

Solving the Greenhouse Gas puzzle While automakers and policymakers debate the TAR, engineers and product planners prepare for the steep climb to meet GHG and CAFE rules beyond 2022. Revving up thermal characterization in the component lab The latest generation of high-speed infrared cameras can capture airbag deployments and other fast-moving actions quickly and accurately.

The GREEN-MAC-LCCP© [Global Refrigerants Energy & Environmental - Mobile Air Condition - Life Cycle Climate Performance] model described here is an evolution of a previous GM model that assesses the lifecycle energy and GHG emissions associated with the production, use and disposal of alternative refrigerants and MAC components.

Energy recovery in reciprocating internal combustion engines (ICE) is one of the most investigated options for the reduction of fuel consumption and GHG emissions saving in the transportation sector. In fact, the energy wasted in ICE is greater than that converted in mechanical form.

Abstract Bio-fuels of the 2nd generation constitute a key approach to tackle both Greenhouse Gas (GHG) and air quality challenges associated with combustion emissions of the transport sector. Since these fuels are obtained of residual materials of the agricultural industry, well-to-tank CO2 emissions can be significantly lowered by a closed-cycle of formation and absorption of CO2.

Abstract Reducing the friction of the internal combustion engine (ICE) is of major interest to reduce fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A huge potential for friction reduction is seen in the piston ring-cylinder liner (PRCL) coupling.