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The State of California considers greenhouse gases (GHGs) to be air pollutants and has directed the Air Resources Board to adopt cost effective regulations for GHG emissions from motor vehicles. ...The State of California considers greenhouse gases (GHGs) to be air pollutants and has directed the Air Resources Board to adopt cost effective regulations for GHG emissions from motor vehicles. The northeastern states and Canada through NESCCAF have worked closely with CARB and CO2 equivalent emission regulations have been proposed. ...The eventual status of these regulations may not be clear, but what is clear is that there is a need to develop cost effective technology to reduce GHG emissions. This paper presents such technology. Advances in turbocharging technology relevant to both gasoline and diesel engines are described.

Vehicle OEM’s for MHD applications are facing significant challenges in meeting the stringent 2027 low-NOx and GHG emissions regulations. To meet such challenges, advanced engine and aftertreatment technologies along with powertrain electrification are being applied to achieve robust solutions. ...FEV has previously conducted model-based assessments to show the potential of 48V engine and aftertreatment technologies to simultaneously meet GHG and low NOx emission standards. This study focuses on evaluating the full potential of 48V electrification technology through addition of 48V P3 hybrid system to the previously developed 48V advanced engine and aftertreatment technology package. ...The analysis showed the potential offered by the 48V hybrid system for meeting future low NOx and GHG emission regulations.

The interest in Natural Gas (NG) as alternative fuel for transportation is constantly growing, mostly due to its large availability and lower environmental impact with respect to gasoline or diesel fuel. In this scenario, the application of the Dual Fuel (DF) Diesel- Natural Gas (NG) combustion concept to light duty engines can represent an important route to increment the diffusion of natural gas use. Many studies have proven the benefits of DF with respect to conventional diesel combustion in terms of CO2, NOx, PM and PN emissions, with the main drawback of high unburned hydrocarbon, mainly at low/partial engine loads. This last aspect still prevents the application of DF mode to small displacement engines. In the present work, a 2.0 L Euro 5 compliant diesel engine, equipped with an advanced electronic closed-loop combustion control (CLCC) system, has been set up to operate in DF mode and tested on a dyno test bench.

Use of natural gas-diesel dual-fuel (NDDF) combustion in compression ignition engines is a method of reducing the net greenhouse gas (GHG) and particulate matter (PM) emissions of these engines. Compressed natural gas (NG) is injected into the intake manifold of the engine and the air-NG mixture is ignited by a direct injection of diesel in the cylinder. ...Use of the insert causes the GHG emissions to increase and decrease for diesel and NDDF combustion respectively. Additionally, use of the insert causes the NOx emissions to remain similar and increase for diesel and NDDF combustion respectively. ...By using low levels of exhaust gas recirculation, the NOx emissions of NDDF combustion can be reduced without significant impact on the GHG or PM emissions when compared to diesel combustion.

The continuously strengthened requirements regarding air quality and pollutant reduction as well as GHG emissions further complicate the compliance with legal standards. Especially in view of cost-sensitive applications this demand strongly collides with the EMS set-up and the sensor requirements with still increasing overall system complexity.

Changes in GHG and BSFC varied with the different bioblends and test modes. Emissions of CO and HC were found to be at or near ambient background levels.

The use of biomass-derived fuels in Diesel engines is an effective way of reducing well-to-wheels (WTW) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moreover, partially premixed combustion (PPC) makes it possible to achieve very efficient combustion with low emissions of soot and NOx.

In light of concerns about the transportation sector's influence on climate change, legislators are introducing requirements calling for significant reductions in fuel consumption and thereby, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission over the coming decades. Advanced engine concepts and technologies will be needed to boost engine efficiencies.

Further, the study used the baseline energy distribution as the baseline to factor in the efficiency gains of various future engine technologies to evaluate the impact of future greenhouse gas (GHG) standards on HD vehicle fuel consumption. Furthermore, the study predicted the maximum achievable fuel consumption benefit from a future engine technology that will employ breakthrough technologies that are not in the near-term production pathway of engine manufacturers.

The development of transparent, reliable cost analyses that are accessible to all interested stakeholders has played a crucial role in establishing feasible and cost effective standards to improve fuel economy and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The FEV team, together with engineering staff from EPA's National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory, and FEV's subcontractor, Munro & Associates, developed a robust costing methodology based on tearing down, to the piece part level, relevant systems, sub-systems, and assemblies from vehicles ?...This approach to costing new technologies has proven to be very robust and of substantial value in recent standards-setting activities related to light-duty vehicle GHGs and fuel economy. Its success makes it likely that this approach will continue to find use in the future, not only in government standards setting activities, but also for private interests with a desire to provide, for all to see, an understanding of the cost of applying innovative technologies to products in the transportation sector.

The development of transparent, reliable cost analyses that are accessible to all interested stakeholders has played a crucial role in establishing feasible and cost effective standards to improve fuel economy and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The FEV team, together with engineering staff from EPA's National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory, and FEV's subcontractor, Munro & Associates, developed a robust costing methodology based on tearing down, to the piece part level, relevant systems, sub-systems, and assemblies from vehicles “with and without” the technologies being evaluated. ...This approach to costing new technologies has proven to be very robust and of substantial value in recent standards-setting activities related to light-duty vehicle GHGs and fuel economy. Its success makes it likely that this approach will continue to find use in the future, not only in government standards setting activities, but also for private interests with a desire to provide, for all to see, an understanding of the cost of applying innovative technologies to products in the transportation sector.

The GHG and emissions regulations are becoming more and more stringent every year. To fulfill legislation requirements and potential future challenges, increasing number of technologies and actuators have been developed and implemented into powertrain systems.

An effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) is to use rurally produced straight jatropha oil as a substitute for diesel fuel. However, the different physical and chemical properties of straight vegetable oils (SVOs) require a customized setup of the combustion engine, particularly of the injection timing and quantity.