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Technical Paper

Investigation of URANS CFD Methods for Supersonic Hydrogen Jets

2024-04-09
2024-01-2687
The urgent need to combat global warming has spurred legislative efforts within the transport sector to transition away from fossil fuels. Hydrogen is increasingly being utilised as a green energy vector, which can aid the decarbonisation of transport, including internal combustion engines. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is widely used as a tool to study and optimise combustion systems especially in combination with new fuels like hydrogen. Since the behaviour of the injection event significantly impacts combustion and emissions formation especially in direct injection applications, the accurate modelling of H2 injection is imperative for effective design of hydrogen combustion systems. This work aims to evaluate unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) modelling of the advective transport process and related numerical methods.
Magazine

Aerospace & Defense Technology: February 2024

2024-02-08
Certified Machine Learning-Based Avionics: Unlocking Safer Revolutionizing Electronic Warfare: Unleashing the Power of High-Performance Software Defined Radios Deterministic and Modular Architecture for Embedded Vehicle Systems Approximating the Material Stresses and System Requirements for Hypersonic Flight Design Approaches for Established and Emerging RF Receiver Architectures Rydberg Technologies Shows Potential of Long-Range RF with Quantum Sensor at NetModX23 New Method to Measure Wind Speed Could Unlock Drones' Potential A fundamentally different approach to wind estimation using unmanned aircraft than the vast majority of existing methods.
Magazine

Aerospace & Defense Technology: December 2023

2023-12-07
How Distributed Metal Additive Manufacturing Can Add a Surge to Military Supplier Strategies Ensure Aerospace Composite Quality with Force Measurement, Material Testing How Business Networks Can Help Stabilize the A&D Supply Chain A blueprint for modernizing the supply chain for greater connectedness and collaboration. Unlocking the Potential of 3D-Printed Polymers in Aerospace and Defense How to Select the Right Silicone for Space Applications Key Measurements to Maintain Performance of Critical Electronic Systems on Military Aircraft and Warships Physicists Develop a New Type of Antenna Towards Sustainable Recycling of Epoxy-Based Polymers: Approaches and Challenges of Epoxy Biodegradation Composites are especially important for the development and implementation of sustainable technologies such as wind power, energy-efficient aircrafts, and electric cars.
Magazine

Aerospace & Defense Technology: October 2023

2023-10-05
DoD to Deploy Thousands of Low Cost Autonomous Systems Under Replicator Program Top Productivity Improvement Tips for Manufacturing Turbine Discs FACE Technical Standard Offers MOSA Lessons for Safety-Critical Software in Any Sector Adamant: A Soon-to-be Open Source, Mission-Critical Flight Software Framework Written in Ada Benefits and Challenges of Direct-RF Sampling for Avionic Platforms More Airports Test RF as Counter Measure for UAS in Restricted Airspace Adapting U.S. Army Acquisition to Ensure the Reliability and Safety of Autonomous Vehicles This report presents several challenges that the U.S. Army will face in the transition to autonomous vehicles, challenges that are only magnified in the current acquisition environment with limited testing. Artificial intelligence algorithms introduce additional complexity, resulting in systems with a complex combination of human, machine, and autonomous controllers.
Magazine

Aerospace & Defense Technology: August 2023

2023-08-03
Electrifying Aviation: The Path to Decarbonizing the Skies /Electric aviation mirrors the early stages of the electric vehicle revolution Advances in Military Avionics Technologies Create New Challenges for RF Test and Measurement Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation: The Future of Lightweight Designs in Aerospace and Defense Advanced RF Simulation Reduces Cost and Schedule Risk Assure 5G NTN Performance Before Launch In the complex and quickly evolving 5G NTN landscape, simulating, emulating, and evaluating RF systems boosts mission success. Qualification of Multi-Channel Direction Finding Radar Receivers in The Lab Bullet Impact Testing of Ammunition and Explosives at Picatinny Arsenal A bullet impact (BI) test for evaluating the response of energetically loaded items has been established at the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Command (DEVCOM) Armaments Center (AC) Explosive Development Facility.
Magazine

Aerospace & Defense Technology: June 2023

2023-06-01
Airborne Inspection Sensor Evolves with LiDAR, Mid-IR and Artificial Intelligence Air Force eVTOL Research and Development Programs Make Remote Pilot Progress Creating a Digital Gateway for RF Domain Will Advance Designs That Meet DoD Initiatives Understanding the Unique RF Interconnect Requirements for Ultra-Demanding Hypersonic Missile and Satellite Applications ADS-B Classification Using Multivariate Long Short-Term Memory This analysis extends previous research that used long short-term memory-fully convolutional networks to identify aircraft engine types from publicly available automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) data.
Magazine

Aerospace & Defense Technology: February 2023

2023-02-09
Using an Open Architecture Approach to Military Avionics Can Embedded Electronics Components Meet the Demands of Hypersonic Missiles? CMOSS/CMFF Trades Interoperability for Free-Thinking Innovation Exploring High-Performance Applications for Distributed Transport Property Thermoelectrics Heterogeneous Integration and SiPs Benefit SWaP-C Reduction The Future of Automated Guided Vehicles for Aerospace and Defense Next-generation AGVs are already starting to deliver labor and cost savings for the U.S. defense industry, and the commercial aerospace sector is watching closely Deep Reinforcement Learning Achieves Multifunctional Morphing Airfoil Control Smooth camber morphing aircraft offer increased control authority and improved aerodynamic efficiency.
Journal Article

Framework for Initializing the Conceptual Design of Hypersonic Aircraft

2023-01-18
Abstract To assist in initializing the conceptual design of hypersonic aircraft, we outline a new, systematic framework based on historical aircraft data and primarily composed of design data and regression models. ...An example is provided to demonstrate the application of the framework to launch the conceptual design of a new hypersonic aircraft with a given set of mission requirements.
Journal Article

Study of Sweepback Angles Criterion for Reusable Hypersonic Vehicle

2022-12-02
Abstract At hypersonic speed, severe aerodynamic heating is observed, and temperatures are too high to cool by radiation cooling; active cooling such as ablative cooling is helpful in this situation. ...A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of a two-dimensional (2D) lifting body against thermally perfect air in a hypersonic region (Mach number, M > 5) is carried out for M = 5–9 to obtain a heat-transfer-minimized sweepback angle (ΛHT-min), at which heat transfer to the vehicle is minimum.
Magazine

SAE Truck & Off-Highway Engineering: October 2022

2022-10-06
eAxles gain traction OEMs are developing and testing axles with integrated electric powertrains to electrify trucks of all sizes. Securing CAN networks in commercial vehicles A CAN transceiver with built-in security functions can avoid the complexity of end-to-end security solutions that are especially hard to implement on CVs. Electrification is the future for defense vehicles Despite infrastructure challenges, electrified and automated military vehicles will save fuel and lives, said Allison's VP of Defense Programs at SAE COMVEC 2022. Editorial Hiring talent to meet high-tech demands Allison's now open for hydrogen testing Electrification's impact on commercial-vehicle chassis design Harbinger prepares to enter commercial market with novel eAxle ZF, Freudenberg developing integrated 'Powerpack' fuel cell and e-drive Freightliner's medium-duty makeover for M2 and SD models Toyota's hydrogen fuel-cell powertrain provides an electrifying ride
Standard

LED Landing, Taxiing, Runway Turnoff, and Recognition Lights

2022-09-23
HISTORICAL
ARP6402A
This document includes recommendations of installations of adequate landing and taxiing lighting systems in aircraft of the following categories: a Single engine personal and/or liaison type b Light twin engine c Large multiengine propeller d Large multiengine turbojet e Military high performance fighter and attack f Helicopter which are subject to the following CFR Parts certification: Part 23 – Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, Acrobatic and Commuter Aircrafts Part 25 – Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Aircrafts Part 27 – Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Rotorcraft Part 29 – Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Rotorcraft
Standard

Unique Wheel and Brake Designs

2022-09-08
CURRENT
AIR5388
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) has been prepared by a panel of the SAE A-5A Committee and is presented to document unique design approaches used for aircraft wheels and brakes.
Magazine

Aerospace & Defense Technology: September 2022

2022-09-01
The Sky is No Longer the Limit Celebrating 75 Years of Air Force Technology Air Force Technology Timeline Leveraging New Technologies for Mil/Aero Electronic Systems MOSA Enclosure Design for Military Systems Three Challenges to 5G's Military Success How to Specify and Select RF Filters Investigation of Requirements and Capabilities of Next-Generation Mine Warfare Unmanned Underwater Vehicles Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) tools, including functional flow block diagrams and functional hierarchies, are used to logically define mine countermeasure (MCM) UUV operations and support the development of alternative concepts of operations. On the Pulsed Laser Ablation of Metals and Semiconductors A comparison of effects across disparate experimental regimes through the study of pulsed laser ablation over several orders of magnitude in pulse duration, fluence, and material properties.
Magazine

Aerospace & Defense Technology: June 2022

2022-06-01
Designing for Space and Other Extreme Environments The Next Generation of Mission-Critical Communications Infrastructure is Here Designing Transportable, High-Performance AI Systems for the Rugged Edge Digitalization in the Aerospace Sector From Product Design to Manufacturing & Operations 3D Printing Metal Parts on a Ship What Does the Navy Require to Make the Dream a Reality? Pushing the Boundaries of RF Passive Hardware with Additive Manufacturing What is Pulse Shaping? Unmanned Aircraft Systems to Support Environmental Applications within USACE Civil Works The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has identified a number of research and development (R&D) opportunities to help reduce disaster risks, including cost-efficient technology, such as un-manned aircraft system (UAS) technology for accurate, detailed, and timely two-dimensional and three-dimensional monitoring of coastal and riverine landscapes.
Journal Article

Analysis of Infrared Signature from Aircraft Frontal Aspect due to Skin Friction Heating

2022-04-20
Abstract At supersonic aircraft speeds, aerodynamically heated surfaces, e.g., nose, wing leading edges, are infrared (IR) signature sources from the tactically crucial frontal aspect. This study numerically predicts and then illustrates the minimization of IR contrast between the nose and background sky radiance by the emissivity optimization (εw,opt) technique, which has the least performance penalties. The IR contrast between the aircraft nose and its replaced background in 1.9-2.9 μm short-wave IR (SW-IR), 3-5 μm medium-wave IR (MW-IR), and 8-12 μm long-wave IR (LW-IR) bands are obtained. The IR contrast especially in LW-IR (i) increases with flight Mach number (M ∞) for a given flight altitude (H) and εw (ii) decreases with increasing H for a given M ∞ and εw. The εw,opt for a flight altitude of 5 km is found to decrease from 0.99 at M ∞ = 0.001 (low subsonic) in all three bands to 2 × 10−4 in MW-IR and 0.0213 in LW-IR bands at M ∞ = 3 (high supersonic).
Standard

High Temperature Pneumatic Duct Systems for Aircraft

2022-03-21
WIP
ARP699F
This Recommended Practice is intended to outline the design, installation, testing, and field maintenance criteria for a high temperature metal pneumatic duct system, for use as a guide in the aircraft industry. These recommendations are to be considered as currently applicable and necessarily subject to revision from time to time, as a result of the rapid development of the industry.
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