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These predictions were generated by directly integrating the VCH data and by using the VCH data as inputs to PC-Crash simulations. The predicted positions and headings were then compared to the actual position and heading data measured using differential GPS synchronized to the VCH data record.

Furthermore, 183car-to-pedestrian cases, with detailed information regarding accident vehicles, pedestrians and environment, were reconstructed using PC-Crash. A hypothetical autonomous braking system would activate when the pedestrian successfully detected by the sensing system and then new impact speeds will be calculated.

Next, simulations in PC-Crash were performed, and the results were compared with those obtained in experiments.

PC-Crash simulations of staged collisions require dozens of parameters describing vehicle and impact parameters.

Automotive occupant safety continues to evolve. At present this area has gathered a strong consumer interest which the vehicle manufacturers are tapping into with the introduction of many new safety technologies. Initially, individual passive devices and features such as seatbelts, knee- bolsters, structural crush zones, airbags etc., were developed for to help save lives and minimize injuries in accidents. Over the years, preventive measures such as improving visibility, headlights, windshield wipers, tire traction etc., were deployed to help reduce the probability of getting into an accident. With tremendous new research and improvements in electronics, we are at the stage of helping to actively avoid accidents in certain situations as well as providing increased protection to vehicle occupants and pedestrians.

Five collisions were staged in order to evaluate PC-Crash, a simulation program used for investigating motor vehicle collisions. Both vehicles were moving in all of the staged collisions at 1:1 or 2:1 speed ratios. ...Firstly, collision parameters were calculated from measured data, and used as input to the PC-Crash collision model. Secondly, the post-impact vehicle paths and rest positions were used to determine the pre-impact speeds. ...Using the PC-Crash "Optimizer" to reconstruct the five collisions, the error in calculated pre-impact speeds of the ten vehicles ranged from-3.3 to +4.1 km/h.

This paper presents the trajectory and collision models on which PC-CRASH is based. PC-CRASH'S model for predicting the 3D kinematics of a vehicle's pre- and post-impact trajectory, which is based on a discrete- kinetic time forward simulation of vehicle dynamics rather than empirically-derived “spin-out coefficients”, is described. ...PC-CRASH is a windowso-based accident-reconstruction program which combines the simulation of pre-collision, collision, and post-collision dynamics for multiple vehicles in a graphical environment.

PC-Crash is a Windows™ - based accident reconstruction program developed in Graz, Austria by Dr. Hermann Steffan. ...Hermann Steffan. PC-Crash collision analysis results are compared with previously published staged collision data. ...The staged collisions were reconstructed using PC-Crash and the trajectories were compared to actual measurements of the skid marks and rest positions.