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This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides technical recommendations for the lighting applications for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). The technical content of this ARP discusses the unique trade-offs that are necessary to maintain commonality to the U.S.

The topics identified could be used for the construction of a PTS for UAS commercial pilot operations and a PTS for a UAS pilot instrument rating. The UAS commercial pilot rating would contain restrictions on the types of operations that could be flown that would be dependent on the type of UAS used. ...The UAS commercial pilot rating would contain restrictions on the types of operations that could be flown that would be dependent on the type of UAS used. The UAS type would also influence the specific training topics that would be covered. ...Consequently, the scope of this document is limited to proposing an initial framework to train and certify UAS pilots for fixed wing UAS. As the community grows, certification and training requirements will become more detailed and refined.

This standard is applicable to reciprocating engines powering unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) that have rated power values less than 22.4 kW and are not to be used for human transport. This standard only covers engines designed for 150 hours of operation or higher.

UAS (Unmanned aircraft system), widely known to the general public as drones, are comprised of two major system elements: an Unmanned Aircraft (UA) and a Ground Control Station (GCS). ...UAS (Unmanned aircraft system), widely known to the general public as drones, are comprised of two major system elements: an Unmanned Aircraft (UA) and a Ground Control Station (GCS). UAS have a high mishap rate when compared to manned aircraft. This high mishap rate is one of several barriers to the acceptance of UAS for more widespread usage. ...This high mishap rate is one of several barriers to the acceptance of UAS for more widespread usage. Better awareness of the UA real time as well as long term health situation may allow timely condition based maintenance.

If an Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) encounters icing conditions during flight, those conditions might result in degraded aerodynamic performance of the overall UAS. If the UAS is not reacting appropriately, safety critical situations can quickly arise. Thereby, the rotors, respectively the propellers of the UAS are especially susceptible due to the increased airflow through their domain and the corresponding higher impingement rate of supercooled water droplets. ...The FFG/BMK funded research and development project “All-weather Drone” is investigating the icing phenomenon on UAS rotors for a 25 kg maximum take-off weight (MTOW) multirotor UAS and evaluating the feasibility of possible technical ice detection and anti-/de-icing solutions. ...If an Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) encounters icing conditions during flight, those conditions might result in degraded aerodynamic performance of the overall UAS.

This paper presents a comparison between different hypotheses of propulsion of a spherical UAS. Different architectures have been analyzed assessing their specific aerodynamic, energetic, and flight mechanics features. ...An effective energy assessment and comparison against a commercial UAS has been produced. Even if the paper considers a preliminary simplified configuration, it demonstrates clearly to be competitive against traditional quadcopters in a predefined reference mission.

Weight reduction in structural aerospace configuration is based both on specific material selection and on the selection of specific shape and sections. UAS structures need both the introduction of new advanced composites and the definition of light weight construction based on thin walled configuration.

Alphabet’s Wing project has become the first UAS delivery service to obtain air carrier certification from the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and will test autonomous commercial air delivery services in southwest Virginia.

The United States Air Force’s 412th Test Wing’s Emerging Technologies (ET) Combined Test Force (CTF) completed the first flight test of Johns Hopkins University’s Testing of Autonomy in Complex Environments (TACE) system. As “middleware,” TACE serves as an “autonomy watchdog,” monitoring commands sent to an aircraft’s autopilot software from its autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) computer and transmitting autopilot information such as position, speed, and orientation back to the AI.

The two companies will provide services for commercially-focused regulatory compliance, ground support, training, parts distribution, field upgrades, and vehicle retrofit capabilities for unmanned aircraft systems (UASs).

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) focuses on opportunities, challenges, and requirements in use of blockchain for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) operating at and below 400 feet above ground level (AGL) for commercial use. UAS stakeholders like original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), suppliers, operators, owners, regulators, and maintenance repair and overhaul (MRO) providers face many challenges in certification, airspace management, operations, supply chain, and maintenance. ...This AIR provides information on the current UAS challenges and how these challenges can be addressed by deploying blockchain technology along with identified areas of concern when using this technology. ...The scope of this AIR includes elicitation of key requirements for blockchain in UAS across its life cycle and the need for the standardization of blockchain-enabled processes.

The topics identified could be used for the construction of a PTS for UAS commercial pilot operations and a PTS for a UAS pilot instrument rating. The UAS commercial pilot rating would contain restrictions on the types of operations that could be flown that would be dependent on the type of UAS used. ...The UAS commercial pilot rating would contain restrictions on the types of operations that could be flown that would be dependent on the type of UAS used. The UAS type would also influence the specific training topics that would be covered. ...Consequently, the scope of this document is limited to proposing an initial framework to train and certify UAS pilots for fixed wing UAS. As the community grows, certification and training requirements will become more detailed and refined.

PAE ISR engineers in Sterling, Virginia, have selected MPU5 Wave Relay mobile ad hoc networking (MANET) technology from Persistent Systems LLC in New York for the company’s Resolute Eagle unmanned aerial system platform. The MPU5 helps to free space and weight, and maximize mission success, officials say.

The aerospace industry is facing immense challenges due to increased design complexity and higher levels of integration, particularly in the electrification of aircraft. These challenges can easily impact program cost and product time to market. System electrification and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) have become critical issues today. In the context of 3D electromagnetics, EMC electromagnetic compatibility ensures the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) that radiated emissions from various electronic devices, such as avionics or the entire aircraft for that matter, do not interfere with other electronic products onboard the aircraft.

But the skies can only really open up to UAS when there is an agreed upon UAS safety policy with commonly accepted UAS Safety Risk Management (SRM) processes enabling to show that the risks related to UAS operations in all the different airspace classes can be adequately controlled. ...The purpose is that all potential risks of the newly proposed UAS operations are controlled so that the existing safety level does not decrease (i.e. provides the baseline from which safety requirements for new proposed UAS operations are derived). A survey of UAS activities provides an initial view on the risks and hazards to be considered, the needs and role of potential SRM users, the scope of the aviation system to be considered, the risks to be regulated, selection of suitable risk metrics, and the setting of an acceptable level of safety. ...Although Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) have now for some time been used in segregated airspace where separation from other air traffic can be assured, potential users have interests to deploy UAS in non segregated airspace.

However, integration of UAS into non-segregated airspace is only viable if UAS operations are proved to be safe enough. ...Such method could support regulators with the setting of UAS safety requirements. It may also be used by applicants (UAS operators and manufacturers) for identification of UAS related hazards, causal factors, and accident scenarios. ...Specific UAS related ESDs are added to cover UAS specific hazards that do not exist in manned aircraft operation [12].

Economic and public benefits associated with UAS use across multiple commercial sectors are driving new regulations which alter the stringent laws currently restricting UAS flights over people. As new regulations are enacted and more UAS populate the national airspace, there is a need to both understand and quantify the risk associated with UAS impacts with the uninvolved public. ...The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical response and injury outcomes of Post Mortem Human Surrogates (PMHS) subjected to UAS head impacts. For this work, PMHS were tested with differing UAS vehicles at multiple impact angles, locations and speeds. ...Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), commonly known as drones, are part of a new and budding industry in the United States. Economic and public benefits associated with UAS use across multiple commercial sectors are driving new regulations which alter the stringent laws currently restricting UAS flights over people.

The number of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) has been growing over the past few years and will continue to grow at a faster pace in the near future. ...The number of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) has been growing over the past few years and will continue to grow at a faster pace in the near future. UAS faces many challenges in certification, airspace management, operations, supply chain, and maintenance. ...Hence it is essential to study how blockchain can help UAS. This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) presents the current opportunities, challenges of UAS operating at or below 400 ft Above Ground Level (AGL) altitude for commercial use and how blockchain can help meet these challenges.

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) emerge as a viable, operational technology for potential civil and commercial applications in the National Airspace System (NAS). ...This study presents a systems-level approach to analyze the safety impact of introducing a new technology, such as UAS, into the NAS. Utilizing Safety Management Systems (SMS) principles and the existing regulatory structure, this paper outlines a methodology to determine a mandatory safety baseline for a specific area of interest regarding a new aviation technology, such as UAS Sense and Avoid. ...Utilizing Safety Management Systems (SMS) principles and the existing regulatory structure, this paper outlines a methodology to determine a mandatory safety baseline for a specific area of interest regarding a new aviation technology, such as UAS Sense and Avoid. The proposed methodology is then employed to determine a baseline set of hazards and causal factors for the UAS Sense and Avoid problem domain and associated regulatory risk controls.

This document establishes recommended practices for the specification of general performance, design, test, development, and quality assurance requirements for the flight control related functions of the Vehicle Management Systems (VMS) of military Unmanned Aircraft (UA), the airborne element of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), as defined by ASTM F 2395-07. The document is written for military unmanned aircraft intended for use primarily in military operational areas.