Technical Paper
Optimal Control Co-Design of a Parallel Electric-Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle
2024-04-09
2024-01-2154
This paper presents optimal control co-design of a parallel electric-hydraulic hybrid powertrain, to be specific, for heavy-duty vehicles. A pure electric powertrain that consists of a rechargeable lithium-ion battery, a high-efficient electric motor, and a single or double-speed gearbox has drawn a keen interest in the automotive sector because of a growing demand for clean and efficient mobility. However, the state-of-the-art has shown limited capability and has not been able to meet the design requirements for heavy-duty vehicles of high-power demand such as a class 8 semi-trailer truck in terms of a driving range on one battery charge, battery charging time, and load-carrying capacity primarily due to the low power density of lithium-ion batteries and low energy conversion efficiency of electric motors at low speed.