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Technical Paper

DI Boost: Application of a High Performance Gasoline Direct Injection Concept

2007-04-16
2007-01-1410
The development of engines with high specific output and low specific fuel consumption is now more than ever becoming the main focus for powertrain product development. A combination of two primary factors is driving this demand: increased fuel cost and stricter government regulations. As worldwide fuel prices continue to increase, consumers are shifting their purchasing toward more fuel-efficient vehicles. Also fueling the demand is new federal corporate average fuel economy (CAFÉ) regulations that are in place for the timeframe from 2008 to 2011. One concept to provide both high specific output and low specific fuel consumption is the combination of turbocharging and gasoline direct fuel injection. This is an attractive concept for the North American market where sport utility vehicles, light trucks and sports cars of all sizes are in demand from consumers.
Technical Paper

Integration of Engine Controls, Exhaust Components and Advanced Catalytic Converters for ULEV and SULEV Applications

2001-09-24
2001-01-3664
Development of integrated engine controls, exhaust components and advanced catalytic converters was demonstrated on a 1998 full size luxury sedan with a gasoline PFI 4.4 L V8 engine. This level of emissions management was targeted for ULEV and SULEV emission standards. An air gap, dual exhaust, six-catalyst system, was modified in stages to reduce the number of catalysts and associated controls/hardware. Engine controls and calibration were developed to reduce cold-start emissions, catalyst light-off time and tailpipe emissions. Systems integration involved reduced precious metal loading, secondary AIR and modification of emission control devices. The thermal mass of the air gap exhaust pipes was reduced by approximately 30 percent, which contributed to improved catalyst heat-up time. A vacuum-insulated catalytic converter with phase change material was used to store exhaust heat and resist heat loss during times of dwell/soak.
Technical Paper

Development of a Sulev Capable Technology for a Full Size Gasoline Pfi V8 Passenger Car

2001-03-05
2001-01-1314
A full size V8 demonstrator was developed to exhibit technology required to target LEV II emission levels. The testing involved the system integration of a vacuum-insulated catalytic converter (VICC) technology, air gap exhaust components, optimized catalyst loading and control system and calibration. The development strategy utilizes the vacuum insulation, phase-change thermal storage capacity, and cold start calibration strategy to enable the catalyst to quickly reach light-off in 6 seconds over the FTP-75. All emission testing was conducted with two LA4 preparation cycles. This approach is able to reduce the heat loss of the catalytic converter brick during a 12 hour soak period and optimize the calibration warm-up strategy to reduce the amount of emissions during the first 60 seconds of the FTP-75. The vehicle used for the demonstration was a BMW 540I application. The modifications to the vehicle were limited to the control system, engine calibration and aftertreatment.
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