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This specification covers characteristics for chemistry, microstructure, density, hardness, size, shape, and appearance of zirconium oxide-based ceramic shot, suitable for peening surfaces of parts by impingement.

This SAE Recommended Practice pertains to blast cleaning and shot peening and provides for standard cast shot and grit size numbers. For shot, this number corresponds with the opening of the nominal test sieve, in ten thousandths of inches1, preceded by an S. For grit, this number corresponds with the sieve designation of the nominal test sieve with the prefix G added. These sieves are in accordance with ASTM E11. The accompanying shot and grit classifications and size designations were formulated by representatives of shot and grit suppliers, equipment manufacturers, and automotive users.

This SAE Recommended Practice defines requirements for equipment and supplies to be used in measuring shot peening arc height and other surface enhancement processes. It is intended as a guide toward standard practice and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. Guidelines for use of these items can be found in SAE J443 and SAE J2597.

This SAE Recommended Practice provides procedures for determining shot peening coverage and relating coverage to part exposure to the media stream. Effectiveness of shot peening is directly dependent on coverage. Inadequate or excessive coverage can be detrimental to fatigue strength and component life.

Blast cleaning may be defined as a mechanical pre-treatment process in which a suitable stream of solid particles is propelled with sufficient velocity against a work surface to cause a cleaning or abrading action when it comes in contact with the workpiece. Blast cleaning may be employed for a variety of purposes. It is a well-established method for removing sand from castings and burrs or scale from forgings, mill products, or heat treated parts; to promote machinability; and to minimize the possibility of interference in actual operation. In addition to this use, blast cleaning also produces a suitable surface for downstream industrial coatings. All these objectives are often accomplished in the one operation. As a general understanding, this document pertains to blast cleaning only. Any reference to shot peening or other processes is only to explain a context or concept related to blast cleaning.

This SAE Recommended Practice is considered to be tentative and is subject to modification to meet new developments or requirements. It is offered as a guide in the selection and use of cut wire shot.

This SAE Recommended Practice defines a procedure for the use of computer generated saturation curves to determine peening intensity. Calculation of intensity within a tolerance band for each data set in Table 1 one is required for compliance with this practice.

This SAE Recommended Practice defines requirements for equipment and supplies to be used in measuring shot peening arc height and other surface enhancement processes. It is intended as a guide toward standard practice and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. Guidelines for use of these items can be found in SAE J443 and SAE J2597.

This SAE Standard covers the engineering requirements for peening surfaces of parts by impingement of metallic shot, glass beads, or ceramic shot. To induce residual compressive stress in surface layers of parts, thereby increasing fatigue strength and resistance to stress-corrosion cracking.

This SAE Recommended Practice describes chemical analysis, hardness, microstructure, and physical characteristic requirements for low carbon cast steel shot to be used for shot peening or blast cleaning operations.

This SAE Recommended Practice Specification provides the procedures for using test strips per SAE J442 for peening processes.

This SAE Recommended Practice defines requirements for equipment and supplies to be used in measuring shot peening arc height and other surface enhancement processes. Guidelines for use of these items can be found in SAE J443 and SAE J2597.

This SAE standard defines requirements for equipment and supplies to be used in measuring shot peening arc height and other surface enhancement processes. Guidelines for use of these items can be found in SAE J443 and SAE J2597.

This SAE Recommended Practice Specification provides the procedures for using test strips per SAE J442 for peening processes.

This SAE standard defines requirements for equipment and supplies to be used in measuring shot peening arc height and other surface enhancement processes. Guidelines for use of these items can be found in SAE J443 and SAE J2597.

This SAE recommended practice provides some procedure for determining shot peening coverage and relating coverage to part exposure to the media stream. Effectiveness of shot peening is directly dependent on coverage. Either incomplete or excessive coverage can be detrimental to fatigue strength and life.

This SAE standard defines requirements for equipment and supplies to be used in measuring shot peening arc height and other surface enhancement processes. Guidelines for use of these items can be found in SAE J443 and SAE J2597.

SAE J448, Surface Texture, has been set up for precision reference specimens using a controlled surface profile to obtain reproducible roughness values. These specimens are for instrument calibration. Appropriate symbols for roughness, waviness, and lay have also been standardized (ASA B46.1-1962 and SAE J448). For production control, especially from one geographical location to another, means are required to facilitate the inspection of surface characteristics called for by specifications which include not only roughness but profile waviness and lay. In order to integrate the requirements of the designer with the actual production of surfaces, a second grade of control standards must be adopted which will be functional in nature for the specific product being manufactured. These control standards may be Calibrated Pilot Specimens (actual parts with satisfactory texture) or Roughness Comparison Specimens (ASA B46.1-1962).

This SAE Recommended Practice provides uniform procedures for using the standard shot peening Almen strips reported in SAE J442. Standard Almen strips are used to establish saturation, determine intensity, monitor repeatability of the shot peening machine operations, and can be used to predict a desired result on a part. It is recommended that the standard Almen strip A be used for intensities that produce arc heights of 0.10 mm A (0.004 in A) to 0.60 mm A (0.024 in A). For intensities below 0.10 mm A (0.004 in A), the standard N strip is recommended, and for intensities above 0.60 mm A (0.024 in A), the standard C strip is recommended. Use of SAE 2597 Computer Generated Shot Peening Saturation Curves is voluntary, existing shot peening processes that do not take advantage of computer generated saturation curves need not be changed to meet the requirements listed herein.