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With the rapid development of electric vehicles, the demands for lithium-ion batteries and advanced battery technologies are growing. Today, lithium-ion batteries mainly use liquid electrolytes, containing organic compounds such as dimethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate as solvents for the lithium salts. However, when thermal runaway occurs, the electrolyte decomposes, venting combustible gases that could readily be ignited when mixed with air and leading to pronounced heat release from the combustion of the mixture. So far, the chemical behavior of electrolytes during thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries is not comprehensively understood. Well-validated compact chemical kinetic mechanisms of the electrolyte components are required to describe this process in CFD simulations. In this work, submechanisms of dimethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate were developed and adopted in the Ansys Model Fuel Library (MFL).

The phenomenon of drop-wall interaction plays a crucial role in a wide range of industrial applications. When liquid droplets come into contact with a high-temperature surface, it can lead to thermal shock due to rapid temperature fluctuations. This abrupt temperature change can generate thermal stress within the solid wall material. If the thermal stress exceeds the material's strength in that specific stress mode, it can result in material failure. Therefore, it is imperative to delve into the evolving temperature patterns on high-temperature surfaces to optimize material durability. This study focuses on investigating drop-wall interactions within the context of engine environments. To achieve this, the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method is employed to simulate the impact of fuel droplets on a silicon nitride wall. The goal is to understand the heat transfer mechanisms, thermal penetration depths, and temperature distributions within the heated wall.

FMVSS No. 205, “Glazing Materials,” uses impact test methods specified in ANSI/SAE Z26.1-1996. NHTSA’s Vehicle Research and Test Center initiated research to evaluate a subset of test methods from ANSI Z26.1-1996 including the 227 gram ball and shot bag impact tests, and the fracture test. Additional research was completed to learn about potential changes to tempered glass strength due to the ceramic paint area (CPA), and to compare the performance of twelve by twelve inch flat samples and full-size production parts. Glass evaluated included tempered rear quarter, sunroof, and backlight glazing. Samples with a paint edge were compared to samples without paint, and to production parts with and without paint in equivalent impact tests. A modified shot bag with stiffened sidewalls was compared to the ANSI standard shot bag. The fracture test comparison included evaluating the ANSI Z26.1 impact location and ECE R43 impact location.

This SAE Standard covers motor vehicle brake fluids of the nonpetroleum type, based upon glycols, glycol ethers, and appropriate inhibitors, for use in the braking system of any motor vehicle such as a passenger car, truck, bus, or trailer. These fluids are not intended for use under arctic conditions. These fluids are designed for use in braking systems fitted with rubber cups and seals made from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), or a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and a diene (EPDM).

This SAE Standard covers motor vehicle brake fluids of the nonpetroleum type, based upon glycols, glycol ethers, and borates of glycol ethers, and appropriate inhibitors for use in the braking system of any motor vehicle, such as a passenger car, truck, bus, or trailer. These fluids are not intended for use under arctic conditions. These fluids are designed for use in braking systems fitted with rubber cups and seals made from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) or a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene, and a diene (EPDM).

Composites of polymers reinforced with synthetic/natural fibers are mainly used in engineering sectors such as automobiles, aerospace, and in household appliances due to their abrasion resistance, high toughness, strength, and high specific modulus. The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of fiber-matrix interfaces and interface mechanism that leads to enhanced properties. This article investigates how natural/synthetic fibers, mineral based-materials and additional allotropic materials work rapidly and effectively across interfaces.

Magnesium and its alloys are promising engineering materials with broad potential applications in the automotive, aerospace, and biomedical fields. These materials are prized for their lightweight properties, impressive specific strength, and biocompatibility. However, their practical use is often hindered by their low wear and corrosion resistance. Despite their excellent mechanical properties, the high strength-to-weight ratio of magnesium alloys necessitates surface protection for many applications. In this particular study, we employed the plasma spraying technique to enhance the low corrosion resistance of the AZ91D magnesium alloy. We conducted a wear analysis on nine coated samples, each with a thickness of 6mm, to assess their tribological performance. To evaluate the surface morphology and microstructure of the dual-phase treated samples, we employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Aluminium composites are remarkably used in automotive, aerospace, and agricultural sectors because of their lightweight with definable mechanical properties. The stir casting route was followed to fabricate cylindrical samples with base aluminium alloy LM4, LM4/SiC, LM4/Al2O3, and LM4/SiC/Al2O3. The tensile strength, compressive strength, hardness, and micro-structural analysis were performed on samples and Finite element analysis (FEA) was adopted to predict the failure modes of composites. The composites experimental results were found to be in line with the FEA results, however, the LM4/SiC/Al2O3 revealed better results on the mechanical properties when compared with other composite configurations. The mechanical properties improvement like hardness 5%-11%, tensile strength 10.26%-20.67%, compressive strength 15.19% - 32.58% and 71.52 - 82.1% reduction in dimension have been achieved in LM4/SiC/Al2O3 composite comparing to base metal.

Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) made of the aluminium as base metal is now being used in diversed applications due to its extended properties. The physical, chemical, mechanical and structural properties make it as irresistible in the engineering applications. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) based on aluminium have increased in popular in various applications including aerospace, car, space, transportation, and undersea applications.. In this study, Al LM25/SiCp MMC was fabricated using a low-cost stir casting technique, and the weight percentage of SiCp was varied from 4% to 8% to prepare the MMC plates. The aim of the research was to investigate the mechanical properties of the specimen, including hardness, tensile, and impact tests. The microstructure of the specimens is investigated which shows the bonding between the particles which is fabricated by Stir casting method. The sample 2 has better mechanical properties when it is compared with other specimens.

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of chemical treatments on the performance of composites that are reinforced with natural fibres. Natural fibres have several advantages, such as low density, low cost, and environmental friendliness, as they can be biodegraded or recycled. However, natural fibre composites also have some limitations, such as their poor compatibility with the matrix material and the reinforcement material. This leads to weak interfacial bonding and poor mechanical properties. Another problem with natural fibres is that they absorb more moisture than other materials, which can affect their dimensional stability and durability. Therefore, this research compares the compatibility of different chemical treatments that can modify the surface properties of natural fibres and improve their adhesion with the matrix and reinforcement.

The requirement for lightweight, high-performance materials with higher wear resistance, which is critical in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and consumer-related sectors, has fueled the development of particle reinforced metal matrix composites (PRMCs). These materials are an appealing alternative for a broad variety of scientific and technological applications due to their remarkable mechanical qualities and low cost. The primary goal of developing metal matrix composite materials is to combine the favorable properties of metals and ceramics. This study included several experimental experiments to explore the behavior of stir-cast composites made of aluminum grade 6063 with varying amounts of SiC, Al2O3, and TiO2 reinforcements.

In 1941, the SAE Iron and Steel Division, in collaboration with the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), made a major change in the method of expressing composition ranges for the SAE steels. The plan, as now applied, is based in general on narrower cast or heat analysis ranges plus certain product analysis allowances on individual samples, in place of the fixed ranges and limits without tolerances formerly provided for carbon and other elements in SAE steels. For years the variety of chemical compositions of steel has been a matter of concern in the steel industry. It was recognized that production of fewer grades of steel could result in improved deliveries and provide a better opportunity to achieve advances in technology, manufacturing practices, and quality, and thus develop more fully the possibilities of application inherent in those grades.

Abstract In this study, we have investigated the microstructural characteristics, the mechanical properties, and the dry sliding wear behavior of a ceramic coating consisting of zirconia (ZrO2) and alumina (Al2O3) deposited by flame spraying. A series of wear tests were carried out under a variety of loads and at two different sliding speeds. The evaluation included an examination of the coating microstructure, microhardness, coefficient of friction (COF), and wear resistance of the flame-sprayed coating. The results showed that the coatings had a perfectly structured micro-architecture and were metallurgically bonded to the substrate. The Al2O3 coating exhibited a fine granular structure with pores and oxides. The microstructure of Al2O3-10 wt.% ZrO2, on the other hand, showed a blocky structure with a uniform distribution of ZrO2 inclusions in the composite coating.

In the quest for sustainable materials for automotive interior trim, jute fiber is gaining traction due to its characteristics, which align with other renowned natural fibers. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate as a treatment for jute fibers in comparison to conventional alkaline treatments. Both treated and untreated fibers were examined. Results showed that alkali-processed fibers demonstrated enhanced crystallization, thermal resistance, and surface quality relative to untreated ones. Specifically, alkali-treated jute fibers exhibited a degradation onset at 261.23°C, while those treated with sodium bicarbonate began degrading at 246.32°C. Untreated fibers had a degradation onset at 239.25°C. Although both treatments improved the thermal stability of the fiber, sodium bicarbonate processing, while beneficial, was slightly less effective than the traditional alkaline method.

In pursuing enhanced bio-composite properties, filler materials play a pivotal role. This study delves into the impact of ceramic additives on the chemical resistance and moisture durability of flax fiber-reinforced polymers. Utilizing the hand lay-up technique, we developed polyester composites reinforced with flax fibers. Silicon carbide (SiC) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) were chosen as filler components. One batch of flax fibers underwent an alkaline treatment to enhance their properties further using a 5% NaOH solution. The resistance of composite samples to acetic acid and sodium hydroxide was then assessed. Additionally, the moisture absorption patterns of all models were investigated. A thorough comparative analysis was conducted among multiple composite batches. The results highlighted that integrating additives significantly bolstered the chemical and moisture resistance of the composites.

Corrosion affects all industrial sectors where metals or metal alloys are used in their structures. In the automotive industry, the continuous search for lightweight parts has increased the demand for effective corrosion protection, in order to improve vehicle performance without compromising durability and safety. In this scenario, coatings are essential elements to preserve and protect vehicle parts from various environmental aggressions. Automotive coatings can be classified into primers, topcoats, clearcoats, and specialty coatings. Primers provide corrosion resistance and promote adhesion between the substrate and topcoat. Topcoats provide color, gloss, and durability to the coating system, while clearcoats enhance the appearance and durability of the finish. Specialty coatings provide additional properties, such as scratch resistance, chemical resistance, and UV protection.

Rubber is one of the most used materials currently selected to produce automotive parts, but, for specific applications, some improvement is required in its properties through the addition of some components to the rubber compound formulation. Because of that, mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties are enhanced in order to meet strict requirements of the vast range of application of the rubber compounds. In addition to improving material properties, the combination of different substances, also aims to improve processability and reduce the costs of the final product. Recently, the use of nanofillers has been very explored because of their distinctive properties and characteristics. Among the nanofillers under study, graphene is known for its high-barrier property, thermal and electrical conductivities, and good mechanical properties.

Abstract Composite ceramic brake discs are made of ceramic material reinforced with carbon fibers and offer exceptional advantages that translate directly into higher vehicle performance. In the case of an electric vehicle, it could increase the range of the vehicle, and in the case of conventional internal combustion engine vehicles, it means lower fuel consumption (and consequently lower CO2 emissions). These discs are typically characterized by complex internal geometries, further complicated by the presence of drilling holes on both friction surfaces. To estimate the aerothermal performance of these discs, and for the thermal management of the vehicle, a reliable model for predicting the air flowing across the disc channels is needed. In this study, a real carbon-ceramic brake disc with drilling holes was investigated in a dedicated test rig simulating the wheel corner flow conditions experimentally using the particle image velocimetry technique and numerically.

In today's world, there is an increasing emphasis on the responsible use of fiber reinforced materials in the automobile applications, construction of buildings, machinery, and appliances as these materials are effectively reused, recycled, or disposed with minimum impact on the environment. As such, it has become mandatory to incorporate sustainable, environmental friendly and green concepts in the development of new materials and processes. The primary objective of this study is to manufacture composites using fibers obtained from Thespesia Lampas plants, which are known for their soft, long fibers that are commonly used in various domestic products. The composites are made by combining these fibers with a general purpose polyisocyanurate resin, and their potential applications in both domestic and commercial products are explored. To evaluate the properties of these composites, tests are conducted for tensile strength, flexure, and water absorption.

Precipitation Hardened Stainless Steel (PHSS) is one of the martensitic steels that possess exceptional strength and corrosion resistance. Because of its characteristics, this PHSS is exclusively adopted in numerous engineering uses such as nuclear, chemical and marine industries. Welding is one of the important methods of joining that helps to make weldments with better performance characteristics. Corrosion behaviour is one of the important characteristics that contribute hugely to marine and other corrosion-related environments and also this is the most common problem for most of the manufacturing industries. The goal of this study was to analyze the PHSS weldments’ corrosive behavior and compare it with that of the two commonly used welding processes, namely MIG and TIG. The corrosive properties of the weldments were evaluated using various mediums, such as nitric acid, ferric chloride, and Oxalic acid.