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As the automotive industry is transitioning from conventional engine driven to electric battery driven, many of the vehicle aggregates are getting re-engineered and changing accordingly. Being air-conditioning manufacturer one of the aggregates that needs attention and focused effort is the Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning system (HVAC). Acoustic comfort of electric vehicle gets impacted due to the HVAC noise in absence of engine and hence other noise sources becomes prominent which were earlier masked by the engine noise. It is important to understand the HVAC noise sources for implementing right countermeasures for masking the noise. There are three methods of noise source identification namely acoustical duct method, cocooning or lead covering method and near field method. Out of these method, acoustical duct method and near field methods are used for minor and major noise identification in this study.

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems play a crucial role in our day-to-day activities. With rise in global warming, leading to climate change, HVAC unit is the need of the hour. With average temperatures on the rise, it is quite imperative that the unit provides better thermal comfort to the passengers. Off-road vehicles like tractor, is also no exclusion. Tractor drivers have to experience adverse weather conditions out in the open field. Thus it is quite fundamental that sufficient airflow reaches every point inside the driver cabin, ensuring proper cool-down. To ensure proper distribution of airflow inside the cabin, optimization of HVAC unit needs to be properly carried out. The present study shows how an HVAC of an off-road vehicle is properly optimized with the help of Computational Fluid Dynamics. STAR-CCM+ v2021.2.1 is used as solver for the simulation.

As the current market trend is emerging towards the compactness, better comfort and less emission, it is quite important that factors contributing to these aspects should be kept under control and maintained within the desired range. Heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) noise is one such factor which significantly contributes in occupants’ acoustic comfort. It creates discomfort to the occupants while HVAC is in operation and eventually lead to fatigue. In a HVAC, there are several different types and sources of noise which cumulatively impacts the overall noise level. However, few of them are quite prominent and has maximum impacts on overall noise. It is very important to identify and measure these sources in order to take appropriate countermeasure to mask or eliminate them. In order to identify and measure the noise sources, various methods are used.

With the transition from Internal Combustion Engines Vehicles (ICEVs) to Electric or Hybrid Electric Vehicles (EVs/HEVs), most of the system aggregates and system parameters need to be redefined and recalibrated. This is mainly due to the change in power and transmission system. One of the critical system aggregates is heating ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system as it directly impacts the car interior noise (other than passenger comfort) across all speed ranges. At low speed, interior noise becomes more annoying due to HVAC and electromagnetic noise from traction motor. However, at high speed other auxiliary noise sources are added up to the overall noise sources. Hence it becomes necessary to design and develop the HVAC system which should produce no abnormal noise and overall noise becomes low. The advancement of numerical simulation plays an important role in finalizing the HVAC design and also provides better insight of the products.

Vehicle air conditioning and heating system is one of the most important part of an automobile system. Computational fluid Dynamics (CFD) is widely used to predict air flow rates and distribution in such Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC). Commercial CFD codes such as FLUENT and STAR-CCM+ are widely used in simulation for industrial research. But usage of these software comes with a heavy cost. Cost is one such parameter which industries try to bring down, without compromising on the deliverables in product development. OpenFOAM is one such license free, open source code that can be used to modify and compile its code based on the needs and the physics of the problem in hand. This study assessed the performance of airflow magnitude and distribution in an HVAC using OpenFOAM. The results between STAR-CCM+ and OpenFOAM were compared in terms of grid-independent solutions using various scalar and vector plots.

A Automotive Air Conditioning is the process of removing heat and moisture from the interior of an occupied space to improve comfort of occupants. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC systems can be used in both domestic and commercial environments. It is made of Plastic material and fitted inside the front dash panel, therefore, subjected to very high vibrations coming from engine & road. The main Objective is to remove unwanted vibrations by altering the modal frequency. From the FEA, very high deflection, cause unwanted vibrations reported on the HVAC assembly at low frequency (1st modal frequency) under dynamic conditions. Then, improved the design by adding the stiffeners on the flange to minimize that high deflection. Thereafter, modal frequency has been increased and reduced the high deflection.

Automotive heating ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) noise is a very big concern for original equipment manufacturers (OEM) and suppliers. It turns out to be more challenging as the demand for acoustic comfort is increasing day by day. Many times an existing HVAC with some minor changes (mostly the vehicle fitment points) is proposed for face-lift vehicle but the performance expectation is far beyond the existing one due to market demand. One of the critical requirements is enhanced sound quality. To achieve that either experimental testing or numerical simulation is adopted. In either of these cases, it ends up with high number of experiments or increased simulation cost due to aero-acoustic simulation. Hence a combined approach is followed in order to investigate and improve the noise sources of an existing HVAC. The present paper describes this approach in details by doing numerical flow simulation followed by experimental investigation.

Automotive heating ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) noise is becoming a big concern area as the demand for acoustic comfort increases day by day. Vehicles are manufactured in recent years with quieter powertrain, reduced body leakage, better suspension. The other quieter technologies like electrification, hybridization of vehicle further complicate the whole subject of vehicle cabin noise issue. The HVAC noise is the major noise source inside the cabin. Hence designing a HVAC with very low sound pressure level is quite challenging and poses many difficulties in meeting other basic performances due to certain trade-off while meeting the noise requirement. However in recent years engineers have done extensive research and come up with various feasible and non-feasible solutions in order to reduce the HVAC noise significantly.

As the global warming due to carbon footprint is very alarming, vehicle emissions are getting stringent day by day. In such situation vehicle hybridization or fully electric vehicles are of obvious choices. However in any of the cases the battery cooling is a big concern area. As the heat produced by the battery need to be dissipated in the long run, it is of utmost need to develop and understand the battery cooling system. Present paper describes the experimental investigation of a battery cooling circuit. A complete bench comprising of both primary and secondary circuit is used for the testing. The primary circuit has a cooling unit with TXV, condenser and electric compressor run by high voltage. The secondary circuit consists of a chiller (integrated with TXV) unit responsible for battery cooling. The whole circuit typically resembles with one of dual air conditioning unit and uses one of known refrigerant used in vehicle AC system.

In the present study a numerical investigation is performed by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) aiming to figure out and maximize the separation efficiency of an oil separator by changing the various design parameters. A typical automotive swash plate type compressor is chosen for this numerical investigation. Basically oil separation becomes very important where oil return is quite problematic due to the multiple constraints in piping layout design. Efficient oil separation makes the compressor lubrication easy and prevents from seizing during running. It also enhances the heat transfer from heat exchanger by reducing or separating oil from the refrigerant flowing in the air conditioning (AC) circuit. A computational method is proposed to analyze an oil separator fitted in a swash plate compressor. Eulerian multiphase model is employed to simulate the oil and refrigerant mixture model.

The present paper outlines the selection and numerical modeling of a high performance and efficient blower motor fitted in an automotive Heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system. In today’s scenario blower motor is present in almost every car whether fitted with AC system or only blower system. The selection of a blower motor is very important in terms of delivering right amount of airflow with minimum consumption of electric power. As the power consumption goes up it may impacts in indirect green house gas (GHG) emission from a vehicle. While it does so e.g. fulfills HVACs’ airflow need, it generates some amount of heat which is very detrimental for its life and overall performance as well. Also the generated heat may lead to increase in temperature of the main stream air flow causing reduction in the cabin cooling and eventually hampers the comfort level.

Maintaining thermal comfort is one of the key areas in vehicle HVAC design wherein airflow distribution inside the cabin is one of the important elements in deciding comfort sensation. However, the energy consumption of air conditioning system needs to stay within the efficient boundaries to efficiently cool down the passenger cabin otherwise the vehicle energy consumption may get worsened to a great extent. One approach to optimize this process is by using numerical methods while developing climate systems. The present paper focuses on the numerical study of cabin aiming and cabin cool-down of a passenger car by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The main goal is to investigate the cabin aiming with a view to figure out the minimum average velocity over the passengers at all vent positions. Cabin aiming ensures substantial amount of airflow reaches to the passengers as well as every corners of the cabin across the wide climatic range.

In order to ensure a comfortable space inside the cabin, it is very essential to design an efficient heating ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system which can deliver uniform temperature distribution at the exit. There are several factors which impact on uniformity of temperature distribution. Airflow distribution is one of the key parameter in deciding the effectiveness of temperature distribution. Kinematics links and linkage system typically termed as ‘mechanism’ is one of the critical sub-systems which greatly affects the airflow distribution. It is not the temperature uniformity but also the HVAC temperature linearity also depends on airflow distribution. Hence the design of mechanism is incomparably of paramount importance to achieve the desired level of airflow distribution at HVAC exit. The present paper describes the design methodology of automotive HVAC mechanism system.