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Standard

Desorption of Brake Friction Materials

2023-05-10
CURRENT
J3281_202305
This SAE Recommended Practice specifies a method to reduce and stabilize the moisture of products containing brake friction material (disc brake pads, drum brake shoes, friction blocks) so the parts are conditioned and maintained in a stable low moisture state.
Standard

Road Vehicles - Friction Materials - Elastic Properties Measurements

2023-04-21
CURRENT
J2725_202304
This SAE Standard specifies a method for testing and measuring elastic constants in friction materials by precise ultrasonic velocity measurements. Measurement methods are also described for measurement of the out-of-plane modulus as a function of pre-load as well as the measurement of engineering constants as a function of temperature. Finally, methods are formulated to produce all engineering constants as a function of pre-load and temperature.
Standard

Deflection Measurement for Friction Materials Using Segment Applicator

2022-06-13
CURRENT
J3231_202206
This SAE Recommend Practice specifies a method for measuring the deflection of friction materials and disc brake pad assemblies in a manner more consistent with classical material compressive strain testing. This SAE test method differs from SAE J2468 in the preload and maximum load applied to the test sample when deflection is measured. It adopts the material applied stress levels found in ISO 6310 (0.5 to 8.0 MPa) using a 25 mm diameter flat plunger.
Standard

Brake Lining Quality Test Procedure

2021-10-26
CURRENT
J661_202110
The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to establish a uniform laboratory procedure for securing and reporting the friction and wear characteristics of brake linings. The performance data obtained can be used for in-plant quality control by brake lining manufacturers and for the quality assessment of incoming shipments by the purchasers of brake linings.
Standard

Validation of Compressibility Test Systems for Friction Materials

2021-01-13
CURRENT
J3079/1_202101
This SAE Recommended Practice (RP) applies to the validation process for test systems used to measure deflection (compressibility, creep, or swell and growth) of friction materials and friction material assemblies. The materials or assemblies can fit passenger cars, light trucks, and commercial vehicles equipped with hydraulic or air brake systems, using disc or drum brakes.
Standard

Friction Coefficient Identification and Environmental Marking System for Brake Linings

2019-03-11
CURRENT
J866_201903
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended to provide a uniform means of identification which may be used to classify the friction coefficient of brake linings, based on data obtained from tests conducted in accordance with SAE J661 Brake Lining Quality Test Procedure and SAE J2975 Measurement of Copper and other elements in Brake Friction Materials. NOTE: It is emphasized that this document does not establish friction requirements for brake linings, nor does it designate significant characteristics of brake linings which must be considered in overall brake performance. Due to other factors that include brake system design and operating environment, the friction codes obtained from this document cannot reliably be used to predict brake system performance.
Standard

Test Procedures for Shear Strength of Automotive Brake Pads and Brake Lining Assemblies

2017-11-15
CURRENT
J840_201711
This SAE Recommended Practice covers equipment capabilities and the test procedure to quantify and qualify the shear strength between the friction material and backing plate or brake shoe for automotive applications. This SAE Recommended Practice is applicable to: bonded drum brake linings; integrally molded disc brake pads; disc brake pads and backing plate assemblies using mechanical retention systems (MRS); coupons from drum brake shoes or disc brake pad assemblies. The test and its results are also useful for short, semi-quantitative verification of the bonding and molding process. This Recommended Practice is applicable during product and process development, product verification and quality control. This Recommended Practice does not replicate or predict actual vehicle performance or part durability.
Standard

Road Vehicles - Friction Materials - Elastic Properties Measurements

2017-09-29
HISTORICAL
J2725_201709
This SAE Standard specifies a method for testing and measuring elastic constants in friction materials by precise ultrasonic velocity measurements. Measurement methods are also described for measurement of the out-of-plane modulus as a function of pre-load as well as the measurement of engineering constants as a function of temperature. Finally, methods are formulated to produce all engineering constants as a function of pre-load and temperature.
Standard

Thermal Transport Properties Germane to Friction Materials and Brakes

2017-02-02
CURRENT
J2581_201702
This SAE Information report defines the thermal transport properties important in the assessment of heat management capability of brake lining, shoe, disc and drum materials. The report discusses thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity and thermal expansion. Measurement techniques for the appropriate ASTM standards are identified. The thermal transport properties discussed are material sample properties, not the properties of entire components such as pad assemblies.
Standard

Specific Gravity of Friction Material

2017-02-02
CURRENT
J380_201702
Specific gravity is a nondestructive test used as a quality control check of the consistency of formulation and processing of brake lining. The specific gravity and the range of specific gravity are peculiar to each formulation and, therefore, the acceptable values or range must be established for each formulation by the manufacturer. Specific gravity alone shows nothing about a materials in use performance. The specific gravity of sintered metal powder friction materials, particularly those which have steel backing members, is usually determined somewhat differently. Reference ASTM B 376.
Standard

Gogan Hardness of Brake Lining

2017-02-02
CURRENT
J379_201702
Hardness measurements are used as a quality control check of the consistency of formulation and processing of brake linings. Gogan hardness is nondestructive (the penetrator causes shallow surface deformation.). Gogan hardness method alone does not show anything about a lining’s ability to develop friction or to resist fade when used as a friction element in brakes. The hardness and the range of hardness are peculiar to each formulation, thickness, and contour; therefore, the acceptable values and ranges must be established for each formulation and part configuration by the manufacturer.
Standard

Hardness of Brake Lining

2015-08-27
CURRENT
J2654_201508
Hardness measurements are used as a quality control check of the consistency of formulation and processing of brake linings. This hardness method is nondestructive. NOTE—This method is not a measure of friction level. The hardness and the range of hardness are characteristic of each formulation; therefore, the acceptable values and ranges must be established for each formulation and may be affected by processing. NOTE—The hardness of sintered powder metal lining is usually determined with Rockwell superficial hardness equipment. (See ASTM B 347)
Standard

Brake Lining Quality Test Procedure

2012-11-01
HISTORICAL
J661_201211
The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to establish a uniform laboratory procedure for securing and reporting the friction and wear characteristics of brake linings. The performance data obtained can be used for in-plant quality control by brake lining manufacturers and for the quality assessment of incoming shipments by the purchasers of brake linings.
Standard

Friction Coefficient Identification and Environmental Marking System for Brake Linings

2012-07-16
HISTORICAL
J866_201207
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended to provide a uniform means of identification which may be used to classify the friction coefficient of brake linings, based on data obtained from tests conducted in accordance with SAE J661 Brake Lining Quality Test Procedure and SAE J2975 Measurement of Copper and other elements in Brake Friction Materials. NOTE: It is emphasized that this document does not establish friction requirements for brake linings, nor does it designate significant characteristics of brake linings which must be considered in overall brake performance. Due to other factors that include brake system design and operating environment, the friction codes obtained from this document cannot reliably be used to predict brake system performance.
Standard

Hardness of Brake Lining

2012-04-19
HISTORICAL
J2654_201204
Hardness measurements are used as a quality control check of the consistency of formulation and processing of brake linings. This hardness method is nondestructive. The hardness and the range of hardness are characteristic of each formulation; therefore, the acceptable values and ranges must be established for each formulation and may be affected by processing.
Standard

Measurement of Disc Brake Friction Material Underlayer Distribution

2012-04-19
HISTORICAL
J2724_201204
This procedure describes a method for measuring the fraction of underlayer (also referred to as backing layer) existing at any given height above the a disc brake friction materials shoe plate. Measuring underlayer distribution is useful for computing useable lining thickness and for friction material quality management.
Standard

Friction Coefficient Identification and Environmental Marking System for Brake Linings

2012-01-16
HISTORICAL
J866_201201
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended to provide a uniform means of identification which may be used to classify the friction coefficient of brake linings, based on data obtained from tests conducted in accordance with SAE J661 Chase Test and SAE J2975 Measurement of Copper and other elements in Brake Friction Materials.
Standard

Thermal Transport Properties Germane to Friction Materials and Brakes

2011-03-08
HISTORICAL
J2581_201103
This SAE Information report defines the thermal transport properties important in the assessment of heat management capability of brake lining, shoe, disc and drum materials. The report discusses thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity and thermal expansion. Measurement techniques for the appropriate ASTM standards are identified. The thermal transport properties discussed are material sample properties, not the properties of entire components such as pad assemblies.
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