Electric and hybrid vehicle engineers and designers are faced with the important issue of how to adequately configure required powertrain system components to achieve needed performance, occupant accommodation, and operational objectives. This course enables participants to fully comprehend vehicle architectural/configurational design requirements to enable efficient structural design, effective packaging of required components, and efficient vehicle performance for shared and autonomous operation. The importance of integrating these design requirements with specific vehicle user needs and expectations will be emphasized.
This course is offered in China only and presented in Mandarin Chinese. The course materials are bilingual (English and Chinese). The course directly addresses improved aircraft system design tools and processes, which, when implemented will significantly contribute to simpler, lower cost and even safer airplanes that meet customer quality demands. Adding value to the high-leveraged area of design (reducing design by involving manufacturing) — which is what this course does — can start to reverse the current trend (overrun and long delay) and help aircraft companies be more profitable.
This 3-day Fundamentals of GD&T course provides an in-depth study of the terms, rules, symbols, and concepts of geometric dimensioning and tolerancing, as prescribed in the ASME Y14.5-2018 Standard. The course can be conducted in three 8-hour sessions or with flexible scheduling including five mornings or five afternoons.
This course explores the design and performance of battery technologies used in today’s battery-electric vehicles. It focuses on the skills required to define a battery pack design, how battery packs are manufactured, and tests required before entering the market. Participants will leave the course equipped with tools to understand vehicle battery specifications and be able to extract the useful information from the large volume of electric vehicle content published daily. It also defines and analyzes fundamentals of battery operation and performance requirements for HEV, PHEV, EREV and full electric vehicle applications.
This course will introduce participants to the risks encountered in handling high voltage battery systems and their component parts. With the understanding of these risks, the course will then address how to raise risk awareness and then methods of dealing with those risks. The outcome of this course should be improved avoidance of personal injury, reduced risk of reputation loss, product liability actions and reduced risk of loss of property and time. Participants will have an opportunity to participate in a real world battery handling case study scenario in which they will identify solutions for potential risk situations.
The research on the automotive field is focusing in the last years on finding ways for making green mobility available and generating more efficient vehicles. For doing so, the use of an electric motor (EM) seems to be the most suitable solution, because of its high relative efficiency, but also for neglecting the local emissions generated by the Internal combustion engines (ICE). Multiple alternatives have been taken into consideration for supplying the EM with the needed electric energy. Traditional energy storage systems, like Li-Ion batteries, need to be composed by a significant number of cells, for ensuring enough energy storage to reach a working range compatible to the one of traditional ICEs vehicles. For this reason, the paper describes the development of an energetic model to define a hybrid fuel cell – electric vehicle for the performance analysis and the powertrain optimization.
The modern automotive industry is facing challenges of ever-increasing complexity in the electrified powertrain era. On-board diagnostic (OBD) systems must be thoroughly validated and calibrated through many iterations to function effectively and meet the regulation standards. Their development and design process are more complex when prototype hardware is not available and therefore virtual testing is a prominent solution, including Software-in-the-loop (SiL) and Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations. Virtual prototype testing relying on real-time simulation models is necessary to design and test new era’s OBD systems quickly and in scale. The new fuel cell powertrain involves new and preciously unexplored fail modes. To make the system robust, simulations are required to be carried out to identify different fails.
A major issue of battery electric vehicles (BEV) is optimizing driving range and energy consumption. Under actual driving, transient thermal and electrical performance changes could deteriorate the battery cells and pack. These performances can be investigated and controlled efficiently with a thermal management system (TMS) via model-based development. A complete battery pack contains multiple cells, bricks, and modules with numerous coolant pipes and flow channels. However, such an early modeling stage requires detailed cell geometry and specifications to estimate the thermal and electrochemical energies of the cell, module, and pack. To capture the dynamic performance changes of the LIB pack under real driving cycles, the thermal energy flow between the pack and its TMS must be well predicted. This study presents a BTMS model development and validation method for a 75-kWh battery pack used in mass-production, mid-size battery SUV under WLTC.
Many research centers and companies in general aviation have been devoting efforts to the electrification of propulsive plants to reduce environmental impact and/or increase safety. Even if the final goal is the elimination of fossil fuels, the limitations of today's battery in terms of energy and power densities suggest the adoption of hybrid-electric solutions that combine the advantages of conventional and electric propulsive systems, namely reduced fuel consumption, high peak power, and increased safety deriving from redundancy. Today, lithium batteries are the best commercial option for the electrification of all means of transportation. However, lithium batteries are a family of technologies that presents a variety of specifications in terms of gravimetric and volumetric energy density, discharge and charge currents, safety, and cost.
The issue of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transportation sector is widely acknowledged. Recent years have witnessed a push towards the electrification of cars, with many considering it the optimal solution to address this problem. However, the substantial battery packs utilized in electric vehicles contribute to a considerable embedded ecological footprint. Research has highlighted that, depending on the vehicle's size, tens or even hundreds of thousands of kilometers are required to offset this environmental burden. Human-powered vehicles (HPVs), thanks to their smaller size, are inherently much cleaner means of transportation, yet their limited speed impedes widespread adoption for mid-range and long-range trips, favoring cars, especially in rural areas. This paper addresses the challenge of HPV speed, limited by their low input power and non-optimal distribution of the resistive forces.
The concerns surrounding climate change necessitate implementing sustainability policies that permeate everyday mobility. The EU's Fit for 55 package, aiming at achieving carbon neutrality by 2035, proposes a ban on fuels with positive CO2 emissions, phasing out ICEs. However, this approach, when considered in the context of European mobility habits, appears to be much less than ideal. At urban level the electric option is attractive, locally unpolluting, offering a greater independence in terms of source and higher tank-to-wheel (TTW) efficiency - not necessarily true along the life cycle (LCA): however, these outcomes are pursuable with other solutions. This study presents a novel approach for the homologation driving cycle split into two phases, aiding to shape a better match between supply and demand on real-world data.
This course provides an introduction to the concepts of hybrid vehicles, their missions and role of batteries to meet requirements. Battery topics including limitations, trends in hybrid development, customer wants and needs, battery system development timelines, comparison of electrochemistries and safety will be examined. Current offerings, cost factors, pack design considerations and testing will also be reviewed. Participants will perform a battery pack analysis exercise using a real world application.
The finite element method is one of the most robust tools in structural analysis. Typically, the input parameters in a finite element model are assumed to be deterministic. However, in practice, almost all material and geometrical properties, including the load, possess randomness. The consideration of the probabilistic nature of these quantities is essential to effectively designing a system that is robust against the uncertainties arising due to the variation in the input parameters, the significance of which has been documented by NASA in “Probabilistic Risk Assessment Procedures Guide for NASA Managers and Practitioners”, 2011. Among the various techniques applicable for stochastic analysis, the perturbation method, which is based on a sound mathematical foundation derived from Taylor’s series expansion, is widely acknowledged for its much higher efficiency compared to the well-known Monte-Carlo method.