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The forged connecting rod and pin experience a large amount of stresses due to cyclic load for a long period of time induced by the reciprocating movement of the piston. The proposed work focused to produce lightweight composites with high strength using waste flyash and simple manufacturing process. In this context, the proposed experimental work was formulated to develop aluminium alloy hybrid metal matrix composite of A356 alloy with silicon carbide and flyash processed through stir cum squeeze casting process under optimal parametric condition. The samples were subjected to varying flyash content of 0, 5, 10wt.% and SiC of 5wt.% kept constant. Responses like metallography, hardness, impact strength, flexural strength, fatigue strength were observed for the manufactured hybrid composites. There was a significant improvement in the properties with a higher weight percentage addition of 10wt.% flyash and 5wt.% SiC with A356 hybrid composites.

Piston is the most imperative part of an automotive engine in which it exchanges drive due to expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft through the piston rod. During the combustion of fuel charge inside the ignition chamber, high pressure and temperature are developed and the piston is imperiled to high mechanical and thermal stresses. The main objective of the proposed work is to analyse the stress distributions and thermal behaviour of uncoated A356 with 5wt% SiC and 10wt% Fly Ash HMMC piston crown and Plasma sprayed Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia (Y-PSZ) coated A356 with 5wt% SiC and 10wt% Fly Ash HMMC piston crown. A356 with 5wt% SiC and 10wt% Fly Ash HMMC were fabricated via squeeze casting to improve the performance of a petrol engine. A structural model of an HMMC piston crown was made using CREO software and structural and thermal analysis was done using ANSYS. Further coupled field analysis is done to find the stress and temperature distribution on the piston.

The 3D Printing (3DP) technology due to its greatest strength, resistance to wear and corrosion to oxidizing agents and has good temperature resistance with durable one. The present article describes the effect of print orientation and infill density of 3DP route on mechanical and tribological properties of PETG filament. The 3DP parameters like layer thickness, slicing, speed, feed are kept as constant and by varying the print orientation (X, Y, Z) with infill density (50%, 75%, 100%) was printed to check the effect of it on mechanical and tribological properties like hardness, impact strength, ultimate tensile strength, flexural strength, wear rate and coefficient of friction. The results shows that all the tested mechanical and tribological properties increase by around 30-60% when the orientation is in the X direction at infill density of 100%.

Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is a solid-state processing approach that alters and enhances the properties of the matrix material. The prime objective of this research work was aluminium alloy 7075-T6 which has zinc as key alloying element next to aluminium and other alloying elements is reinforced by varying 0, 3, 6 and 9 wt.% tungsten carbide nanoparticles by FSP route. During experimentation, the FSP processing parameters like tool speed, traverse speed, axial load, and tool were being kept constant with four passes of processing. The test samples were prepared and tested as per standard procedures like hardness, ultimate tensile strength, impact strength and average values were recorded. Also, fracture surface morphology was studied.

Over the past few decades, the world is looking for a better replacement option for metals. Polymers with reinforcements are finding their way deep inside in most of the engineering applications because of its lightweight and superior properties. The aim of this study is to investigate hybrid polymer composite polyphthalamide (PPA) reinforced with glass fiber and Poly tetra fluro ethylene. The reinforcement was varied as 10, 20, 30wt. % of Glass Fibre, while the fixed quantity of Poly Tetra Fluro Ethylene (PTFE) as 5wt. % was taken for hybrid composites preparation. The virgin and hybrid composite specimen were prepared under optimal process parametric conditions through the use of injection moulding techniques and test samples were produced as per ASTM standards. The response of physical properties such as density and various Mechanical testing like Hardness, Tensile Strength, and impact strength were carried out and noted.

This limited research was extended to study the modification surface amendment of materials through Friction Stir Process (FSP) with nanoparticle addition followed by the post-processing method. In this paper, strengthened core and surface properties of AA8011 has been enhanced by adding nanoparticles such as Nitinol shape memory alloy (NiTi-SMAs) and silicon nitrate (Si3N4) through FSP followed by two different way of post-processing techniques like case hardening, case harden with shot peening. During FSP the use of NiTi-SMAs and Si3N4 as reinforcement interlocked the grains in hybrid nano composites of the processed zone. Also besides, post-processing promises a performance enhancement of core and surface hardness, ultimate tensile strength, impact strength and homogeneous distribution which was observed through scanning electron microscopic observations.

One of the prominent representatives of heat-resistant polymers was the class of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) with high-strength, but still lightweight. The carbon fiber with PETG (CFPETG) composites also gives even more resistance to heat and chemical, creating it a demandable choice of application in automotive and other industrial components. This paper aims to study the most significant process parameter of FDM technique for different infill density of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% at various sliding load condition and sliding distance on wear and friction characteristics of PETG and CFPETG under annealed condition was investigated via dry sliding tribometer apparatus. The trials were done by applying the load of 10N, 20N, 30N, 40N, with a sliding distance of 1000m, 2000m for the time period of 10 min at room temperature and responses such as wear rate and coefficient of friction were recorded for further analysis.

The Oil Hardening Non Shrinking (OHNS) die steel refers to a variety of carbon and alloy steels that are particularly well-suited for making tools. Though these steels are weldable, there is risk of crack formation. But, this can be avoided with convinced specifications like pre heating, proper choice of electrode etc., In the present work, OHNS die steel is welded with three different electrodes. The chosen electrodes were mild steel electrode, E312-16 chromium based electrode and E-NiCrFe-3 nickel based electrode. The OHNS steel is welded with these three electrodes and the welded specimens were examined for hot cracking tendency and mechanical properties of the joint. The hot cracking tendency was assessed by Houldcroft’s weldability test (Fishbone test). All the three electrodes proved the good results in terms of hot crack resistance and the specimen welded with E312-16 chromium based electrode provides good mechanical properties.

Brake pad is considered to be the most essential part of the vehicle. Owing to environmental requirements, natural materials are the raising alternative sources for manufacturing degradable specimens. The main intern of this work was to study the tribological properties of carbon fibre with Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) resin, Cashew Nut Shell (CNS) filler, nano Silicon dioxide (SiO2), alumina and graphite. Four samples of varying composition were prepared under optimum process parametric conditions using compression moulding machine. The prepared samples are taken for tribometer test using pin-on-disc apparatus at room temperature. In this load of 10,20,30,40N and sliding distance of 1000,2000 m are applied and responds like wear rate and co-efficient of friction were noted. In addition, the comparisons of hardness of the specimens before and after the tribometer test were also made to note the behaviour of specimens after exposure to thermal and loaded condition.

Friction Stir Process (FSP) was employed for surface modification of steel, titanium, aluminum and magnesium-based alloy has been significantly revised through the last decade. Friction Stir Process can improve surface properties such as hardness, abrasion resistance, ductility, strength, fatigue life, corrosion resistance and formability without upsetting the bulk properties of the material. The aluminum alloy having low ductility and softness characteristics are restricted because of their poor tribological properties. Preliminary studies reveal that, an ideal circumstance is to improve the aluminum alloy material life cycles by the way of strengthening the surface layer which can be modified through reinforcing nanoparticles through FSP. The main objective of the study is to improve the surface properties of AA8011 by adding nanoparticles such as SMA and silicon nitrate (Si3N4) through friction stir process.

This research is limited to study the strength and wear resistance of 20MnCr5 (SAE 5120) alloy steel under monolithic, case hardened and case hardened with shot peening processing condition. Improve the hardness of the material by enhancing the core and surface strength of case hardened with the shot peened sample. The main objective of this proposed work is to conduct the tribometer test by varying the load of 10, 20, 30 and 40N and sliding speed of 193, 386 rpm respectively on wear rate and coefficient of friction be calculated and recorded for this study. Less wear rate and nominal coefficient of friction were observed for case hardened with the shot peened sample. Load increases wear rate increases and the coefficient of friction decreases when sliding distance increases wear rate decreases and the coefficient of friction increases for all the tested samples due to oxide layer formation.

The Cardinal goal of this research work is to fabricate hybrid composites of AA8011 with reinforcement particles of Zr2O3 and Al2O3 which was taken in equal (5wt%) weight percentage. The hybrid composites were cast in a square shape (50x50x50 mm size) under the optimal stir casted process parametric condition, further, it was taken for the forging process. The prepared specimens were induced for uni-direction (x), bi-direction (x and y) and multi-direction (x,y, and z) forging route and the response of microhardness of 53, 68, 81 and 96 VHN were obtained respectively due to microstructural phase changes with an even distribution of particles in the matrix. Thus, the tribological properties of prepared specimens were tested using pin-on-disc Tribometer at room temperature under dry sliding condition of load 5,10,15,20 N and by adjusting the sliding speed as 266 and 531 rpm respectively.

The brake pad is one of the foremost imperative parts of the vehicle. Due to the environmental requirement, natural materials were the alternate source for products manufacturing. The product composite made by using hot press techniques with mixing ingredients such as natural fiber (treated sisal), cashew nut filler, graphite and alumina with resin (cashew nut shell liquid - CNSL and epoxy). Two formulas and four samples of each set were composed by varying the resin type of CNSL and epoxy and prepared the test samples with attaining better hardness. The main intern of this proposed effort is to appraise the wear in dry sliding and performance of friction of the prepared composites. The composites are taken for tribo test by varying the load of 10,20,30,40 N and sliding distance of 1000, 2000 m respectively. Experiments were performed at stated process parametric conditions to record the responses.

Formula vehicles (FSAE) is confronting to increase vehicle performance by reducing the weight of the various components. In consideration of weight, knuckle is one of the serious things to look over it. Steering knuckle is a nonstandard or non-catalog component hooks up with the constraint wishbones, suspension, brake disc and wheel hub. It undergoes alternating loads subjected to different conditions. In this study we aim in reduction of weight in the knuckle with concession in the yield strength. Design a two different type of compact knuckle by using the solidworks software. The compact knuckle also provides desired direction to the vehicle and also reduces the unsprung mass. To make a compact knuckle enrich a rib in less stress areas. The difference in two knuckles is that the length of model 2 knuckle is more. If the length of the knuckle increases the stress acting on upper arm will be less when compared to the model 1.

The steering knuckle is an essential component in All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) which withstands alternating loads subjected to different conditions without affecting the vehicle performance. The main objective of the proposed work was to design and analysis the steering knuckle under static conditions to observe stress, total deformation and factor of safety for proposed materials. In this present investigation, Aluminium alloy (AA7075) was chosen as it exhibits good ductility, high strength, toughness and high resistance to withstand impact load. The prime objective of this work was processed under three different conditions like virgin AA7075, AA7075 with T6 heat treatment and AA7075 with T6 heat treatment followed by shot-peening post processed technique was completed and to attain diverse strength of the samples were tested and noted appropriate responses. The secondary objective of our proposed work, an optimum knuckle design was modeled using Solidworks.

Different weight percentages (0, 1 and 2 wt. %) of Calcium hexaboride (CaB6) is reinforced with pure magnesium and the composite is fabricated through powder metallurgy technique. The fabricated samples are used for the tribological evaluation. In this connection, the Taguchi optimization technique (L27 Orthogonal array) assisted Grey Relational analysis is used for predicting the significant factors to the tribological evaluation. The magnesium composite wear rate is evaluated by Archard’s mass loss method. Based on the obtained results, it is observed that the magnesium composite wear rate is increased by the effect of an increase in load. It was arising as a result of enhanced delamination wear mechanism which is confirmed by SEM observation on the worn-out pin surface.