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Automobile racing engine performance has historically progressed with and aided the development of automotive technology. Racing engine performance has been improved in various applications with specialized liquid fuels, such as nitroparaffins, alcohol (methanol) and certain hydrocarbons used in racing gasolines. This paper presents physical and thermodynamic properties of commonly used racing fuels and selected additives, including nitrous oxide and hydrazine. Improving the antiknock properties of gasoline for racing purposes is also discussed. Engine operating characteristics and power output for each fuel are discussed in terms of appropriate fuel properties and engine parameters such as air/fuel ratio and compression ratio. Combustion of various fuels is discussed along with the effect of dissociation and heat loss on performance. Some experimental performance data are presented, and theoretical and practical considerations which effect fuel utilization are also discussed.

Single-cylinder engine tests, with computerized data aquisition, of several nitroparaffin and methanol fuel blends were conducted to identify engine operating conditions or fuel compositions which reduced combustion knock with no penalty to engine power. The effect of variation in equivalence ratio, nitromethane percentage in selected co-solvents, ignition timing and compression ratio was investigated at fixed engine speed and steady-state temperatures. Electronic filters were used to isolate the portion of the cylinder pressure signal containing combustion knock and a Fast Fourier Transform computer subroutine was used to characterize combustion severity in the frequency domain. The results verified the empirical racing engine practice that for a nitromethane/methanol mixture operating fuel-rich from stoichiometric, power is increased and knock is decreased.

The determination of appropriate friction coefficient values is an important aspect of accident reconstruction. Tire-roadway friction values are highly dependent on a variety of physical factors. Factors such as tire design, side force limitations, road surface wetness, vehicle speed, and load shifting require understanding if useful reconstruction calculations are to be made. Tabulated experimental friction coefficient data are available, and may be improved upon in many situations by simple testing procedures. This paper presents a technical review of basic concepts and principles of friction as they apply to accident reconstruction and automobile safety. A brief review of test measurement methods is also presented, together with simple methods of friction measurement to obtain more precise values in many situations. This paper also recommends coefficient values for reconstruction applications other than tire- roadway forces.