Search Results

The recycling of rechargeable Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has attracted more attention in the past few years due to its tremendous advantages to the economy and environment. However, none of the currently developed recycling processes are completely economical for all types of LIBs. If the electrode active materials of spent LIBs can be effectively separated and directly regenerated to build new LIBs, the LIBs’ recycling process may become economical. Since all types of LIBs are usually recycled at the same time without sorting them considering the types of electrodes and manufacturers, the separation of electrodes materials in the filter cake, as the product of the recycling facilities becomes crucial. In this paper, we show that the anode and cathode mixture materials in the filter cake can be easily and effectively separated, and the resulted cathode mixture materials can be directly regenerated to be used to build new LIBs with multiple intercalating cathode materials.

In this study, the duty-cycle of a commercial lithium-ion battery (LIB) for a typical passenger airplane (Bombardier CRJ200) is obtained and compared to the duty- cycle of the same LIB for electric vehicles. For this purpose, the velocity and altitude of the airplane is monitored during a typical flight and the instantaneous mechanical power of the airplane is obtained by modeling. Based on the airplane required power and the characteristics of the LIB, a battery pack is designed for the airplane. Then, the duty-cycle of a LIB cell in the battery pack is yielded. The duty-cycle of the same LIB for a typical electric vehicle is also obtained from modeling based on the Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET), New York City Cycle (NYCC) and United States 2006 (US06) drive-cycles. Finally, the duty-cycle of the LIB for two different applications of electric airplane and electric vehicle is compared. The duty-cycles obtained in this study can be employed to study the lifespan of LIBs.

An effective thermal management of lithium-ion battery (LIB) packs for maintaining their operating temperature uniformly and in the manufacturers’ allowable range can increase the battery lifespan for electric and hybrid vehicles. For this purpose, two liquid cooling plates with different flow patterns are designed and compared for a commercial prismatic LIB with graphite anode and lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) cathode chemistry. The analysis of the cooling plates is accomplished through mathematical modeling and computer simulation. The cooling plates are designed to dissipate the maximum possible heat generation in the battery in normal operation, which is during the continuous discharge at 5C for the typical LIB under study. An experiment is conducted to determine the local heat flux from the battery during discharge at 5C from the state of charge of 0 to 100%.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the best candidates as energy storage systems for automobile applications due to their high power and energy densities. However, durability in comparison to other battery chemistries continues to be a key factor in prevention of wide scale adoption by the automotive industry. In order to design more-durable, longer-life, batteries, reliable and predictive battery models are required. In this paper, an effective model for simulating full-size LIBs is employed that can predict the operating voltage of the cell and the distribution of variables such as electrochemical current generation and battery state of charge (SOC). This predictive ability is used to examine the effect of parameters such as current collector thickness and tab location for the purpose of reducing non-uniform voltage and current distribution in the cell. It is identified that reducing the non-uniformities can reduce the ageing effects and increase the battery durability.

In electrified vehicle applications, the heat generated of lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells may significantly affect the vehicle range and state of health (SOH) of the pack. Therefore, a major design task is creation of a battery thermal management system with suitable control and cooling strategies. To this end, the thermal behavior of Li-ion cells at various temperatures and operating conditions should be quantified. In this paper, two different commercial pouch cells for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are studied through comprehensive thermal performance tests. This study employs a fractional factorial design of experiments to reduce the number of tests required to characterize the behavior of fresh cells while minimizing the effects of ageing. At each test point, the effects of ambient temperature and charge/discharge rate on several types of cell efficiencies and surface heat generation are evaluated.

In this paper, initial results of Li-ion battery performance characterization through field tests are presented. A fully electrified Ford Escape that is equipped by three Li-ion battery packs (LiFeMnPO4) including an overall 20 modules in series is employed. The vehicle is in daily operation and data of driving including the powertrain and drive cycles as well as the charging data are being transferred through CAN bus to a data logger installed in the vehicle. A model of the vehicle is developed in the Powertrain System Analysis Toolkit (PSAT) software based on the available technical specification of the vehicle components. In this model, a simple resistive element in series with a voltage source represents the battery. Battery open circuit voltage (OCV) and internal resistance in charge and discharge mode are estimated as a function of the state of charge (SOC) from the collected test data.