Search Results

Due to the rapid development of road infrastructure and vehicle population in China, the fuel consumption and emission of on-road vehicles tested in China World Transient Vehicle Cycle (C-WTVC) cannot indicate the real driving results. But the test results in China Heavy-duty Commercial Vehicle Test Cycle-Coach (CHTC-C) based on the road driving conditions in China are closer to the actual driving data. In this paper, the model for predicting the performance of heavy-duty vehicles is established and validated. The fuel consumption and NOx emission of a Euro VI heavy-duty coach under C-WTVC and CHTC-C tests are calculated by employing the developed model. Furthermore, the fuel consumption of the test coach is optimized and its sensitivity to the driving factors is analyzed.

As one of the core components of electric vehicles(EV), the drive motor system has a significant impact on the EV operation performance. The interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) has a wide range of applications in EV, due to its high efficiency, high power density, high torque current and wide speed range. In the field of EV, motor control system is required to have a high operating range. IPMSM operates at constant torque mode below rated speed and constant power mode above rated speed. The back electromotive force(Back-EMF) generated by the rotor in the constant power mode causes the inverter output voltage to saturate. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the controller is still operating in the linear region by applying a flux weakening(FW) current to the stator.

To restrain the environmental and energy problems caused by oil consumption and improve fuel economy of heavy-duty commercial vehicles, China started developing relevant standards from 2008. This paper introduces the background and development of China's national standard “Fuel consumption test methods for heavy-duty commercial vehicles”, and mainly describes the test method schemes, driving cycle and weighting factors for calculating average fuel consumption of various vehicle categories. The standard applies to heavy-duty vehicles with the maximum design gross mass greater than 3500 kg, including semi-trailer tractors, common trucks, dump trucks, city buses and common buses. The standard adopts the C-WTVC driving cycle which is adjusted on the basis of the World Transient Vehicle Cycle[1, 2] and specifies weighting factors of urban, rural and motorway segments for different vehicle categories.

To determine the vehicle chassis requirements, wheel force transducer (WFT) have been the best option when it is being used in targeting customer correlation or determining the effective use of the proving ground. However, using wheel force transducer in customer correlation fleet test is often unfeasible due to the huge cost and low practicability. As a result, engineers have to choose other transducer measures. This paper describes an effective approach of wheel force prediction by using the frequency response function (FRF) model of vehicle dynamic system. A vehicle system linear modelling technique is used. For the system identification of FRF, the acceleration and wheel force time history data, as system input and output, are collected from an instrumented passenger car as it traverses in different real-world proving ground surfaces. The obtained FRF represents the complex suspension mechanical model. Once the FRF is calculated, the predicted force signal can be implemented.

With the continuous development of the electrical vehicles (EVs), the electric power network and transportation network are interconnected by EVs which require a coordinated operation of the two networks. In view of these coupled networks, this paper proposes a charging navigation strategy for EVs based on charging power adjustment, which can not only provide the navigation path with the shortest total operational time for EVs from the origin node to the completion of charging, but also effectively reduce load fluctuations in the electric power system. In the electric power system, an innovative optimization strategy for adjusting the EV charging power distribution is proposed, which can adjust the charging power in a timely and effective manner according to the response of EV charging. The multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm and the improved Dijkstra algorithm are used for solving the obtained the EV charging power adjustment plan and charging paths.

The two-wheeler is a vehicle that runs on two wheels, which is classified as motorcycle, electric-bicycle, and bicycle in this research. China has the largest number of two-wheelers and relevant accidents in the world. The two-wheeler riders have a high level of vulnerability, creating a significant necessity to better understand the characteristics according to the road-user group. The objective of this paper is to study the characteristics and analyze the causes of two-wheeler accidents in China using the CIDAS (China In-Depth Accident Study) Database. 2012 cases of two-wheeler accidents with riders injured or dead were collected from the CIDAS Database from 5 cities (Changchun, Beijing, Weihai, Ningbo and Foshan) in China over a period of 5 years (2011.07-2016.06).

A control strategy for searching the optimal working interval based on multi-parameter logic threshold is proposed for the power system of distributed hybrid electric vehicles. The battery state of charge working area and boundary velocity threshold are combined with the optimal engine working curve. Offline simulation of 0-32 km/h acceleration performance is conducted. To further verify the validity of generating C code, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test platform based on MATLAB/RTW/xPC target is built. Real-time simulation and real-time performance comparison test are performed. Test results show that the designed multi-parameter logic threshold control strategy achieves reasonable allocation of energy and improves the dynamic performance of vehicles. The xPC HIL simulation test system is feasible and provides a fast test verification method for vehicle control strategy development.

Because of the advantages of excellent power, fuel economy and zero-emission characteristics, electric buses have been used widely as cities’ short-range commuter vehicles. However, the high-frequency noise becomes more prominent for the powertrain system of the electric bus due to the lack of noise masking effect for the traditional internal combustion engine. To improve the noise characteristic of electric bus powertrain, the identification of the main noise source of the powertrain is well needed. In this paper, the effects of the motor and transmission on the noise level of the electric bus powertrain have been studied using lead packaging method. The variations of acoustical power level of the powertrain according to different rotation speed and torque under the conditions of only motor covered and only transmission covered have been discussed.

T-BOX can manage the vehicle’s operation data and position data, and provide the following functions, positioning, vehicle status, motor data, BMS working status, charging status and status alarm, which may effectively promote the development of electric vehicle. Meanwhile, it may bring a series of problems, especially the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems. In this paper, for the exceed standard limits problem of a particular T-BOX sample in radiation emission (RE) and conducted emissions(CE) test process, π filter is designed and added to the positive polar and negative polar of power supply based on the analysis of hardware circuit. The conduction emission test results of T-BOX after optimized can meet the requirements of GB/T 18655-2010 Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines-Radio disturbance characteristics-Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board receiver standard.

In this paper, it was researched the degradation characteristics of catalytic performance of three kinds of DPFs (C1, C2 and C3, with precious metal concentrations being 15, 25 and 35 g/ft3 respectively) after diesel truck aging. It is found out that the crystallinity of three kinds of DPF samples (Used) in full vehicle aging was higher than that of fresh samples (Fresh) and aged samples (Aged) in the laboratory. Compared with Fresh samples, the concentration of Pt atom in precious metal on the surface of Aged and Used samples tends to decrease in most cases. Activities to CO and C3H8 of Aged and Used samples of three kinds of DPFs had all been degraded, and activity degradation showed a substantial correlation with concentration reduction rate of precious metal on the carrier surface. NO2 productivity of Used samples all rose. Crystallinity of DPF samples after full vehicle aging in Inlet, Middle and Outlet areas successively increased.

Electric vehicles are considered as one of the most popular way to decrease the consumption of petroleum resources and reduce environmental pollutions. Motor control system is one of the most important part of electric vehicles. It includes power supply module, IGBT driver, digital signal processing (DSP) controller, protection adjustment module, and resolver to digital convertor. To implement the control strategies on motor control system, a lot of practical aspects need to be taken into accounts. It includes setup of the initial excitation current, consistency of current between motor and program code, over-modulation, field weakening control, current protection, and so on. In this paper, an induction motor control system for electric vehicles is developed based on DSP. The control strategy is based on the field-oriented control (FOC) and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM).

A vehicle’s NVH performance has a significant impact on the user experience of the driver and passengers. About one-third of the vehicle complaints are related to NVH performance. As the core component of the vehicle, the drivetrain’s NVH characteristics have a significant impact on vehicle comfort. How to reliably and stably reproduce the specific condition of the whole vehicle through the test method, and obtain the highly consistent objective data for analyzing and improving the NVH characteristics of the drivetrain is of great significance in engineering. For this purpose, China Automotive Technology Research Center Co., Ltd. (CATARC) designed and built a new type drivetrain NVH test facility, which consists of five dynamometers, and can carry horizontal/vertical, front/rear drive or four-wheel drive structures including powertrain, transmission, and rear axle, or even a whole vehicle.

The underbody diffusers are used widely in race cars to improve the flow field structure at the bottom of the car and provide enough downforce. In recent years, passenger cars have begun to use bottom diffuser to improve aerodynamic characteristics, so as to reduce drag and increase downforce. In this paper, the aerodynamic characteristics of the bus with different underbody diffuser angles and channel numbers are studied by numerical simulation analysis. Firstly, the aerodynamics of the bus under different diffuser inlet and outlet angles are studied, and then an optimal inlet and outlet angle is determined based on the simulation results. Then, using this angle as a constant, the 2, 3, and 4 channel numbers were chosen as the diffuser channel variables to study the influence of the multiple-channel diffusers on the aerodynamic drag of the vehicle.

With the advantages of flexible size and high energy density etc., pouch-type lithium ion battery cells with large capacity have been found more and more applications in electric vehicles. For these large-scale battery cells, thermal uniformity is vital for their safety and cycle life. To be specific, temperature gradients are expected to cause different degradation rates of active materials in different areas, which is possible to cause early failure or even fire and explosion of the battery cell. Thus, it is necessary to illustrate the batterie’s thermal uniformity in detail under different operating conditions. This work investigated the thermal uniformity of two 36 Ah pouch-type NCM/C battery cells with different sizes using both the thermal imaging method and thermoelectric effect method with K-type thermocouples. Experimental results show that there is an obvious temperature gradient on the surface of the pouch-type battery cell.

Pure electric vehicles are recognized as one of the most important new energy vehicle types to meet the increasingly stringent standards in energy saving and environment protection. To meet the control demands, China Automotive Technology & Research Center(CATARC) plan to develop an advanced Vehicle Control Platform(VCP) for pure electric vehicles. The developed VCP is well structured on both hardware and software and can be adapted to different pure electric vehicles easily. This paper describes the design of the hardware, the software architecture, the base software and the control strategy applied in the VCP in detail. A matching method is proposed to configure the VCP to a real VCU for the specific application by modifying the hardware channel definition and the control parameters. The paper shows successful application of the VCP on several types of pure electric vehicles.

Centrifugal compressors used in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems are different from turbochargers in internal combustion engines, because they are required to work at high speed, low mass flow rate, narrow range which nears surge boundaries. In order to meet these requirements, a centrifugal compressor’s volute is designed, analyzed and optimized on its cross-section area, shape of volute tongue and tapered angle of exit. The numerical results show that surge boundary of the compressor is influenced by spiral area significantly and that volute tongue has a major impact on aerodynamic performances at high mass flow rates.

Fuel cell reactors, as the core components of fuel cell vehicles, have a short life problem that has always limited the development of fuel cell vehicles. The life attenuation curve of fuel cell shows nonlinear characteristics, and there is no model that can accurately predict its effect. This paper is based on the experimental data of the vehicle fuel cell reactor, which is derived from the 600 h durability test run by a 4 kW fuel cell reactor. The relevance vector machine, as a Bayes processing method that supports vector machine, is a data-driven method based on kernel functions. The regression model is established by the relevance vector machine, and the super-parameters are found by genetic algorithm, because the kernel function strongly affects the nonlinearity of the curve, and the decay curve of fuel cell reactor performance is predicted according to four different kernel functions.

In this study, a new system of assessment method was developed to evaluate the characteristics of urban buses based on remote online monitoring. Four types of buses, including China V emission standards diesel bus, lean-burn CNG bus, air-fuel equivalence ratio combustion CNG bus and gas-electric hybrid bus, were chosen as samples to analyze the emission characteristics of urban buses with different engine types in urban scenario. Based on the traffic conditions in Beijing, the actual emission characteristics of buses under newly-built driving conditions were analyzed. Moreover, the emission factor database of urban buses in Beijing was established to analyze the characteristics of excess emission. The research results are shown as follows. 1) Compared with other types of buses, NOX emission factor and emission rate of lean-burn CNG bus are much higher.

An appropriate energy management strategy can further reduce the fuel consumption of P2 hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) with simple hybrid configuration and low cost. The rule-based real-time energy management strategy dominates the energy management strategies utilized in commercial HEVs, due to its robustness and low computational loads. However, its performance is sensitive to the setting of parameters and control actions. To further improve the fuel economy of a P2 HEV, the energy management strategy of the HEV has been re-designed based on the globally optimal control theory. An optimization strategy model based on the longitudinal dynamics of the vehicle and Bellman’s dynamic programming algorithm was established in this research and an optimal power split in the dual power sources including an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric machine at a given driving cycle was used as a benchmark for the development of the rule-based energy management strategy.

Life prediction is a major focus for a commercial fuel cell stack, especially applied in fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). This paper proposes a data driven fuel cell lifetime prediction model using particle swarm optimized back-propagation neural network (PSO-BPNN). For the prediction model PSO-BP, PSO algorithm is used to determine the optimal hyper parameters of BP neural network. In this paper, total voltage of fuel cell stack is employed to represent the health index of fuel cell. Then the proposed prediction model is validated by the aging data from PEMFC stack in FCEV at the actual road condition. The experimental results indicate that PSO-BP model can predict the voltage degradation of PEMFC stack at actual road condition precisely and has a higher prediction accuracy than BP model.