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The double-stage nozzle with pressure controlled injection rate control together with the high injection pressure are an important factor for good combustion properties in the entire engine map area of DI high speed Diesel Engines. With the described design a combination of tangential and rectangular deflection of the fuel at the beginning of injection and before entering the nozzle holes is achieved, thus reducing the rate of injection and the penetration of the fuel prior to combustion. The atomization of the fuel during the ignition delay period is also increased. The combination of these properties reduces the ignition delay emissions and combustion noise. After the start of combustion, the nozzle needle opens the fuel orifices completely and the high pressure sprays inject the fuel directly into the already existing flame. The double guided nozzle needle assures the reproducibility and durability of the said system.

The design of M1 Monoblock Engine results in uniform and very intensive cooling of the entire cylinder liner area: Thermal stresses are very low. The low thermal stresses and elimination of the cylinder head bolts; helps to reduce the cylinder liner deformation to a extremely low level. The design results in a low engine weight, although the cylinder head area is cast from the grey iron. The free elongation of the cylinder head hot plate, together with the grey iron as a base material; leads to a combination of high power rating of up to 50 kW per litre displacement; free of to high thermal loading. There is no danger of cracks between the valves and the injectors and the valve seat remains round despite of two valve design per cylinder. The production costs of the Monoblock are lower than the costs for the comparable parts of classic engine design. The durability much higher.