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Body motions of flying animals can be very complex, especially when the body parts are greatly flexible and they interact with the surrounding fluid. The wing kinematics of an animal flight is governed by a large number of variables and thus the measurement of complete flapping flight is not so simple, making it very complex to understand the contribution of each parameter to the performance and hence, to decide the important parameters for constructing the kinematic model of a bat is nearly impossible. In this paper, the influence of each parameter is uncovered and the variables that a specified reconstruction of bat flight should include in order to maximally reconstruct actual dimensional complexity, have been presented in detail. The effects of the different kinematic parameters on the lift coefficient are being resulted.

Design and simulation analysis of braking system for ATV is carried out with the assistance of Ansys and MATLAB. Heat generated increases the temperature of the disc brake at the rubbing surface resulting in thermal stresses in the components of the braking system. Static, structural, thermal, computational flow dynamics, vibrational & fatigue behavior of ventilated brake disc rotor, hub and upright are analyzed. Stainless Steel, SS-410 material configuration has been considered for disc brake rotor and results obtained are analyzed in terms of performance, longevity and efficiency. Braking efficiency and stopping distance curve are analyzed from their characteristics plot. Vibrational behavior, structural behavior, thermal behavior, performance efficiency, flow behavior of ventilated disc brake rotor can be easily depicted with respect to bump and droop during acceleration, high climb and maneuverability. Ventilated disc brake Rotor with outer diameter of 220 mm is used.

The objective of the research is to develop a lightweight yet stiff, 2 piston fixed brake caliper which can be used in formula student race car. To make a race car, its components need to be lighter. To stop a car with minimum stopping distance, it needs to have a sophisticated braking system with well-designed components. The designing of the caliper is carried out on the Altair Inspire software. The topology optimisation algorithm is used to minimise the weight of the caliper without compromising the stiffness. The structural analysis is also carried out on the Altair Inspire. The caliper is also tested for fatigue failure using Ansys.

Natural fibers are one of the major ways to improve environmental pollution. In this study experimental investigation and simulation of honeycomb filled with cotton fabric, wood dust and polyurethane were carried out. This study determines the potential use of cotton fabric, wood dust as good sound absorbers. Automotive industries are looking forward to materials that have good acoustic properties, lightweight, strong and economical. This study provides a better understanding of sound-absorbing material with other mechanical properties. With simulation and experimental results, validation of works provides a wider industrial application for the interior of automotive industries including marine, aviation, railway industry and many more.

The radiator as heat exchanger plays a very significant role in an engine cooling system by maintaining the coolant at an optimum temperature. The present study aims at improving the performance of an automobile radiator by using nano-coolants. Nano-scale particles have been tested and proven to have enhanced thermal conductivity than their bulk counterparts due to their increased surface area-to-volume ratio. Thus the nanoparticles dispersed in the base fluids called nanofluids are used as a radiator coolant to improve the performance of the radiator. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3)-based nanofluid at 0.04%, 0.08%, 0.15% by volume concentrations is used in two different base fluids, one being water and the other ethylene glycol (30%) (EG)-water mixture. Coolant is supplied at three different inlet temperatures at 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C and at five different flow rates ranging from 2 L/min to 6 L/min at an interval of 1 L/min.

The current research work scrutinized the influence of plasma arc in the metallurgical and mechanical behavior of Nimonic 80A weldment. Defect free weld bead of 6 mm thickness was achieved in a single pass through plasma arc welding. The microstructure of weldment is decorated with cellular dendritic structure at the center and at the weld interface region columnar dendritic structure was observed. Metallurgical analysis showed the Cr and Ti secondary precipitates in the interdendritic region of the WZ. The existence of M23C6 and Cr2Ti were observed through the X-ray diffraction analysis. Both tensile test and microhardness test were conducted to study the mechanical properties of weldment. The result concluded that both the strength and ductility inferior than base metal and the hardness of the weld bead is similar to that of BMl.

The ground mobile robotics study is structured on the two pivotal members namely Sensor Perception and Motion Planning. Sensor perception or Exteroception comprises the ability of measurement of the layout of the environment relative to vehicle's frame of reference which is a necessity for the implementation of safe navigation towards the goal destination in an unstructured environment. Environment scanning has played a significant role in mobile robots application to investigate the unexplored environment in the sector of defence while transporting and handling material in warehouse and hospitals. Motion Planning is a conjunction of analyzing the sensor's information while being able to plan the route from starting point to the target destination. In this paper, a 3600 2-D LiDAR is used to capture the spatial information of the surrounding, the scanning results are presented in a local map and global map.

Collection of various data from sensed data or raw availability of data from transcript or interdependency of data from various sources is a tedious task in a real time scenario like an Indian context is considered. Planning to find a solution to collect the data from various vehicular devices about the information related to the pollution becomes a cumbersome job. The need of the data, under what time duration data has to be transmitted, how they are interconnected and whether data needs to be stored or how they are processed is a major question that arise when dealing with collecting data and internetworking with various vehicular devices. A study of two different types of approaches for internetworking between the devices is discussed. One related to real time setup of mobile application and other with the dynamic cluster approach when the nodes are moving in a region was considered.

Turning is a widely used manufacturing process in mechanical machining industries, while the cost associated with this process is high due to the cost involved in changing tools or tool regrinding. All the parameters of turning, like feed rate, cutting speed, and depth of cut, substantially impact the tool wear, which subsequently reduces tool life. Cooling methods like flooding, Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL), etc., are incorporated to minimise these effects on the tool and workpiece interface. When using these cooling techniques, the process parameters involved play vital roles in increasing the effectiveness. This paper focuses on the effects of machining parameters on the tool and the workpiece quality. Experiments were conducted to study the impact of various input parameters of the turning process on the tool tip temperature, cutting forces, and tool wear, ultimately affecting the tool's life.

The increased use of electronic systems has become a severe concern for electromagnetic pollution, leading to the development of materials to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI). The present study investigated the EMI-shielding effectiveness (EMI-SE) of flax fiber polymer composite (FFC) in the available free space method by varying the wt.% of Rice husk ash (RHA) and hematite. The flax fiber was coated with the dip coating technique, and the coated fibers were used for preparing FFC by hand layup. The EMI-SE was measured at 32-33.5 dB in the X-band frequency range (8-12 GHz). As the cost is low and can be mass-produced, results show that the developed FFC are suitable for electric vehicle applications specifically to shield Electronic control units (ECU), where the interference effect needs to be reduced.

This paper presents the parametric study, process benefits, optimization and chip appearance of machining parameters on turning of the Inconel 718 using Nd: YAG laser source. To analyze the mentioned above effect on alloy 718, the cutting inserts of chemical vapor disposition coated (CVD) TiN/TICN/Al2O3 are used to turn at the time of machining. To evaluate the linear (mean effect plots) and interaction effect (3D surface plots) of laser parameters on the force, roughness and tool wear to keep the minimal, experiments of the L27 orthogonal array are done by selecting the controllable parameters viz speed, the rate of feed along with laser power. From the parametric study, increase in speed and laser power along with decrement in the rate of feed resulted in lower cutting force. But surface finish and tool wear reduced with a decline in speed and scale of feed and increased with increment in laser power.

Nickel based superalloys have a wide range of applications due to high mechanical strength at high temperatures, fracture toughness and resistance to corrosion. However, because of their outstanding properties, it is considered as the difficult to machine materials. Inconel alloy X-750 is used extensively in rocket-engine thrust chambers. Airframe applications include thrust reversers and hot-air ducting systems along with large pressure vessels are formed from Inconel alloy X-750. Moreover, the comparative analysis of machinability aspect using coated carbide inserts is reported few. The current study explains the machinability investigation on Inconel alloy X-750 superalloys using coated carbides. To collect the experimental data, the L16 experimental design plan is used to experiment with a machining length of 40 mm.

In the fabrication of parts in auto and aero segments, the use of ceramic (SiCp, Al2O3p) reinforces aluminum alloy found to be increased than that of steel and cast iron. This matrix-reinforced alloy has a high strength to weight ratio along with higher modulus and hardness, the lower thermal coefficient of expansion, and improved tribological properties. To this extent, this paper investigates the turning characteristics and optimization study of newly developed metal matrix composites by the addition of both hard ceramic SiCp and soft stable lubricant molybdenum disulfide (MoS2p). The samples such as Sample 1: AlSi10Mg/3SiCp, Sample 2: AlSi10Mg/2MoS2p and Sample 3: AlSi10Mg/3SiCp /2MoS2p are prepared using the automated stir-casting machine. The particles are observed to be uniformly distributed in the composite. After density and hardness measurement, the samples are subjected to machining, and the responses are optimized by using response surface method.

In the present paper, to predict the process relation between laser-assisted machining parameters and machinability characteristics, statistical models are formulated by employing surface response methodology along with artificial neural network. Machining parameters such as speed of cut; the rate of feed; along with the power of laser are taken as model input variables. For developing confidence limit in collected raw experimental data, the full factorial experimental design was applied to cutting force; surface roughness; along with flank wear. Response surface method (RSM) with the least square method is used to develop the theoretical equation. Furthermore, artificial neural network method has been done to model the laser-assisted machining process. Then, both the models (RSM and ANN) are compared for accuracy regarding root mean square error (RMSE); model predicted error (MPE) along with the coefficient of determination (R2).

Epoxy carbon fiber composite materials are known for their light weight and high performance. They can be effective substitutes for commonly used materials for making drive shafts. Fiber orientation angle plays a major role in determining such a drive shaft’s responses. The responses considered in this paper are critical buckling torque, fundamental natural frequency and total deformation. A drive shaft made of epoxy carbon unidirectional prepreg is generated using ANSYS 18.0 ACP Composite Prepost. The objective of this paper is to determine an optimal configuration of fiber orientation angles for four, five and six-layered epoxy carbon drive shaft which tends to increase critical buckling torque and fundamental natural frequency while decreasing the total deformation. The optimal configuration which satisfies this objective for the three responses is identified by Minitab 17 statistical software.

This paper summarizes the research work incorporated in the exploration of the potential of swirling in CI Engine and designing of a new mechanism, particularly at inlet, to deliver it to improve the in-cylinder air characteristics to eventually improve mixing and combustion process to improve the engine performance. The research is concentrated on the measures to be done on engine geometry so as to not only deliver advantage to any specific fuel. According to the CI combustion theory, better engine performance may be achieved with Higher Viscous Fuel by improving the in-cylinder air-fuel mixing by increasing the swirl (rotation of air view from top of the cylinder) and tumble (rotation of air view from front of the cylinder) of in-cylinder air inside the fuel-injected region. The proposed inlet component is embedded with airfoil and is suitably designed after being iterated from four steps.

A well-established method of surface roughness measurement is of stylus-based. The filtering effect of the stylus tip is the major lacuna of the process. So in the present study, a vision based 100% inspection procedure is proposed for the characterization of ground specimens. A CMOS camera, and monochromatic line laser source were used for capturing speckle line images of the ground specimens. Signal vectors were generated from each of the surface images of ground specimens using MATLAB software. On the other hand the roughness of the ground specimens, particularly the Arithmetic roughness average (Ra) & Arithmetic mean slope (Rda) were computed using a stylus instrument. It was found that standard deviation and kurtosis having good correlation with the image pixel intensity of the signal vectors with the correlation coefficient of 0.96 & 0.89 for Ra and 0.86 & 0.82 for Rda respectively.

Today manufacturing industries have become more competitive and to survive, industries should be capable of accommodating the sudden market change. The conventional manufacturing systems like Dedicated Manufacturing Lines (DMLs) can produce high volume of product but difficult to cater to varying product types. On the other hand, Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) is capable of handling product variety but not suited for mass production, The Reconfigurable Manufacturing System (RMS) gives the advantage of both the system, as it has the capability to adjust to both high volume requirement and product variety, and it able to upgrade to new process technology with minimal effort. In this work the reconfiguration is carried out in machine and system level. At machine level, a new inspection machine is proposed which can be used for multiple products with minimal adjustments and a special drilling and bore tool is suggested to reduce the cycle time and ramp up time when product changes.

Considerable weight of an automobile is constituted by the engine and there is scope for improvement in fuel efficiency and emission control through optimization of weight in the engine. In this work, AlSi10Mg alloy produced by the direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is suggested for engine application which is a lightweight aluminum alloy. Mechanical properties like tensile strength, compressive strength, and hardness of both cast and DMLS manufactured alloy are compared followed by analysis of SEM images of tensile test fractured surfaces. Reciprocating wear test is carried out for one lakh cycles at 125°C temperature with SAE 40 grade oil as lubricant. Co-efficient of friction (COF), wear rate of the cast and DMLS manufactured samples are compared. Wear patterns are analyzed using SEM images of the wear tracks.

Experimental investigations were carried out on the machinable wax filament using the fused deposition modelling (FDM) rapid prototyping process. The printer used for conducting the experiments was Flash Forge guider 2. The filament material used for this study was machinable wax filament of 1.75 mm diameter. Experimental trials were carried out as per Taguchi L9 orthogonal array to determine the optimum process parameter combination. The dimensional analysis of test samples were carried out in terms of change in volume of samples which is result of combine effect of deviations in all the dimensions of test sample. Four factors each at three levels was used to obtain the optimum printing parameters for better dimensional accuracy and proper printing. The four important printing parameters were taken as factor and set to analyse the significant factor affecting on printing. The complexity in printing of wax filament is taken in to consideration during the experimental study.