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Software products in the automotive industry are by nature widely distributed and costly to update (recall), so high reliability is clearly of utmost importance. Just as clearly, the increasing reliance on remote access to such systems, for diagnostic and other purposes, has made security an essential requirement, and traditional techniques for software development are proving to be inadequate in dealing with these issues. Correctness by Construction is a software design and development methodology that builds reliability and security into the system from the start. It can be used to demonstrate, with mathematical rigor, a program's correctness properties while reducing the time spent during testing and debugging. This paper will discuss the use of Correctness by Construction, and its accompanying SPARK1 language technology, to improve automotive systems' security and reliability. (The approach can also account for safely issues, although that is not the focus of this paper.)

Accidents and serious incidents are major cost factors in companies that have high consequence operations. Aviation, though having a very favorable safety level, still faces huge liabilities when accidents or serious incidents occur. This paper will argue that safety should be regarded by management as a core production value, just as other products of the company are. Examples will be drawn from the worldwide industry that show the value of low accident operation. The FSF’s ICARUS committee’s work will also be described that presents persuasive arguments for establishing aviation company cultures that place high value on accident avoidance and reduction of risk. Returns in passenger confidence and respect for the air company that translate into ridership are only part of the profit picture. Reductions of employee injuries and fatalities, reduced damage to aircraft during ground operations have heavy positive leverage on the company’s profitability.