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The paper begins with an overview of the history of ABS for commercial vehicles followed by a brief description of the technology of the BOSCH ABS at the time it went into mass production in 1981. Subsequently it describes the field experiences with ABS including the experiences of drivers and operators. These experiences are reflected in the equipment which BOSCH offers today. Additional functions such as ASR (traction control) have been integrated. The paper provides an overview of the functions available today and their implementation. The paper concludes with a discussion on potential continued developments and an attempt to describe the systems which will be required by the mid 9os.

This paper provides an overview of the different BOSCH Anti-Lock Braking Systems (ABS). Basically there are three types of ABS available providing a suitable design for the various types of single-axle and multiple-axle vehicles. A semitrailer for example can be equipped with a single-axle ABS, a truck, trailer or bus mostly with a 2-axle ABS and an articulated bus will be equipped with a 3-axle ABS. In order to comply with all requirements, and particularly to take into account the installation conditions imposed by the vehicle, BOSCH has 2 different types of pressure-modulation valve available, a single-channel and a dual-channel valve. With the different anti-lock systems discussed, BOSCH can equip the wide variety of vehicle types which range from volume-production vehicles to special-purpose vehicles.

The antilock system (ABS) for commercial vehicles and buses has become increasingly popular since its market introduction in 1981. Several vehicle manufacturers already equip their vehicles with ABS as standard, instead of only if specifically requested, and have been doing so for some years now. The advantages of ABS have become clear during the 7 years of field operation; Increase in safety for all traffic participants. High system availability. Economy of vehicle operation

Commercial vehicles must convey people and goods safely and reliable, irrespective of the weather and road conditions. The ABS safety braking systems are an essential prerequisite for fulfillment of this primary task. ABS has been used in European commercial vehicles since 1981. Today there are already fittet as standard in buses to some extend. The contribution to increasing road safety is causing the European lawmakers to make ABS statutory for commercial vehicles and to make it part of their compulsory equipment. Suitable anti-lock braking systems and closed loop configurations for commercial vehicles are demonstrated by theoretical observations and technical driving trials, their axlespecific and closed-loop control characteristics are highlighted.

The major progress in braking systems in the last years has been the introduction of ABS. Since literature regarding antiskid braking systems for commercial vehicles is available in growing numbers, the objective of this paper is to deepen the knowledge of components. In terms of ABS the different concepts of pneumatic pressure modulation valves and their advantages are compared. There is a discussion on further improvements in air brake systems, such as reducing of response time of pneumatic braking by means of an entirely new approach. The paper continues with traction control and deals with improvements of the efficiency of air compressors. Also the market of commercial vehicles is evaluated.