Search Results

Fused deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the 3D techniques which are mainly used to fabricate the three-dimensional object directly and it is more economical method. The objective of this investigation is to primarily fabricate as-build and annealed polymer associated composites of carbon fiber Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (CF-PETG) material by FDM with the effect of different raster angle and layer thickness were consider as the prime parameters. The test specimen was prepared by FDM process with different raster angle (00/900, -450, +450, -450/+450) and layer thickness (100, 400 microns) with other parameters were kept constant. The study of the mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile and impact test of the as-built and annealed CF-PETG were investigated. The best results obtained for annealed specimens printed with raster angle of 00/900 and layer thickness of 100 microns produced more influence in all the mechanical properties.

This research paper affords the practical investigation of the fabrication of eco based composites. The banana fiber is used as primary and powdered coconut shell is utilized as secondary reinforcements with epoxy resin to structure hybrid composite samples. The fiber weight proportion was kept as constant and the powder weight proportion was varied with five different proportions. Composite laminates were made-up by hand lay-up technique and tailed by compression moulding process. The manufactured composites had been examined as per the standards of ASTM to estimate the mechanical behaviors such as flexural, tensile and impact strengths. The results of the tests show that under mechanical loads, the hybrid composite with coconut shell powder outperforms the unfilled fiber reinforced composite

In order to investigate the possible use of normal capital, we have tried by hand to manufacturing sisal fibre polymer composites. Natural fibre composites are reusable, low-cost and biodegradable. Simple source, lesser compactness, superior basic property, lower quality, acceptable physical and mechanical properties, non-acidic in the environment, make them a good-looking biological substitute for glass, carbon or other artificial fibres. The outcome of SiC on the physical and mechanical properties of organic sisal composite materials is studied in this work. The composite was manufactured with and devoid of SiC, mixing natural sisal fibre with polyester as a reinforcement medium. The investigational results showed that the tensile force of the mixture with 12 % SiC was 2.52 times better than that of the composite devoid of SiC. The collision strength of the 12% SiC merged is 1.72 times higher than that of the SiC pure polyester composite.

The dependence on bio-friendly composite has triggered researchers to explore several natural lignocellulose fibers. The promising properties of the fibers resulted in natural fibrils to be used as sustainable alternate for artificial man-made fibrils. The present work deals with exploration of physio-mechanical and chemical characteristics of coconut inflorescence fibers. The coconut inflorescence fibers are extracted by the process of retting and then the fibers are subjected to surface modification with KOH. The amorphous constituents present in the fibers were eroded and significant improvements in properties of the fibers were observed. XRD and FTIR analysis confirmed the removal of functional groups and crystallinity improvement were also confirmed. Single fiber tensile test confronted the improvement in tensile nature of the fibrils. Increase in fiber diameter was also observed as a result of surface modifications done on the fiber surfaces.

In recent years, asbestos and copper free brake pads have attracted researchers due to its adverse environmental risks which requires manufacturers to seek a suitable replacement. It is essential to identify new combination of synthetic and natural fibers for the potential automotive brake pads. Experiments were planned to produce various frictional composites by using additives like carbon fiber and basalt fiber with standard additional ingredients like binders, fillers, abrasives and lubricants through hot pressing technique. Here binder act as epoxy resin is mixed with these frictional composites and graphite act as lubricant, vermiculite act as filler and alumina act as abrasives. The prepared form of polymer composite brake pad materials was tested as per ASTM and industrial standard practices like hardness, wear and friction followed by worn surface roughness were measured.

Among all metal matrix composites, A356 is the most applicable matrix due to its low density and exhibits nominal strength with soft nature. This proposed study is concerned with the examination of mechanical and tribological behavior of virgin A356 alloy and A356 reinforced with 10wt.% power plant waste flyash particles composites were processed by liquid metallurgy stir cum squeeze casting technique. The fabricated composites expose enhanced higher hardness when compared to the virgin A356 alloy due to the presence of flyash particles in the matrix. The wear and friction behavior of casted samples were evaluated with a pin on disk tribometer apparatus under dry and wet sliding environment at the presence of lubricant (SAE 80W-90) by varying sliding load of 10N-40N and sliding velocity of 1-3 m/s respectively. Wear rate increase with the increasing load and sliding velocity.

Friction stir processing (FSP) is a typical process for refinement changes of microstructure, enhance material's mechanical properties, and fabricating surface layer composites. The cast A356 surface composites were fabricated via Friction Stir Processing (FSP) and the enhancement of it’s metallurgical and mechanical properties are studied and conveyed in this research study. The three combinations of test samples of FSP'ed cast A356 alloy, FSP'ed cast A356 FSP with tungsten nanoparticle addition (5 and 10 vol%) were considered to fabrication under fixed parametric conditions like tool rotational speed of 1000 rpm, a load acting 9 kN,./ tool travel speed of 20 mm min−1 through four number of tool travel passes respectively. Obtained FSP'ed samples were exposed to microstructural, tensile strength tests and fracture surface morphology analysis were carried out to record the responses.

In this appraisal, The Friction Stir Processing (FSP) was utilized to incorporate 5vol% and 10vol% of Tungsten nanoparticles for the modification of the as-cast A356 alloy properties. Keeping an eye on the stipulation to improve the wear and friction behavior of the cast A356 alloy stir zone surface, the tribometer test was done under dry sliding conditions in a pin on disc instrument on different parameters such as load applied (10-40N) and sliding velocity 1and 3m/s respectively. As a result, confirmed through scanning electron microscope image fine and equiaxed grains in the stir zone surface followed by agglomeration free uniform distribution of tungsten nano particles in the matrix as it constitutes of higher value of microhardness.

Productivity plays a vital role in manufacturing processes as well as in service. Sheet metal bending process is a type of forming process that has been used by the wide range in industries. There are several tangible and intangible factors affecting the production rate during the bending process. Spring back is one of the severe factors which affects the production rate, especially in stainless steel material. The spring back is mostly affected by material properties, sheet thickness, bending radius, die sizes and component geometry. In this paper, the spring back is studied by the effect of various parameters such as rectangle/oblong slots with varying pitch distance and without slots and bending time in the stainless-steel material 304 grade in V-air bending machine. The experimental data are evaluated by means of the Response Surface Method (RSM). Finally, it was observed that explored results have the betterment of the production rate with connection to spring back.

The prime purpose of this investigation is to determine the consequence of T6 heat treatment on the mechanical characteristics of squeezed A356 alloy. A356 alloy is one of the most promising aluminium alloys owing to its excellence in casting, conflict to corrosion, and high strength-to-weight ratio. Processing methods and types of reinforcements used are the major driving force towards the change in the properties of the aluminium alloys. However, heat treatment also employed in order to show strong static mechanical properties and enhancing the metallurgical characteristics of the matrix material. The primary objective of this investigation is to compare the mechanical properties of squeezed pure A356 alloy with samples that have undergone T6 heat treatment and artificial aging. Squeeze casting technique is employed in this research work to get the near net shaped components with fine structure, great surface finish, insignificant porosity and shrinkage.

The primary goal of this analysis is to investigate the effect of heat treatment processes on the tribological properties of squeeze cast A356 Alloy. Because of its excellent mechanical and tribological properties, the proposed A356 alloy has a wide variety of uses in the automotive industry. Squeeze casting is a cost-effective and promising method of producing aluminium alloy with better properties and a pore-free construction. Furthermore, the properties can be improved using post-processing techniques such as heat treatment, and residual stresses are eliminated as a part of the heat treatment procedure. The aim of this study is to look into the impact of post-processing methods on the tribological properties of squeeze cast A356 alloy. The prepared samples' wear resistance and friction characteristics were measured using a pin-on-disc tribometer test setup under dry sliding conditions with an applied load of 10, 20, 30, and 40N with a steady sliding velocity of 3 m/s.

AA2014 Aluminum alloys are most widely used for automobile and aerospace structures where specific strength is important. Hot cracking is a major problem while welding these alloys. In the present investigation, the metallurgical studies, viz, hot cracking sensitivity, microstructure and the mechanical properties, viz, hardness and tensile strength of the 4 mm thickness AA2014 aluminum alloy were studied using two different methods. The first method involves TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding with continuous current process and the second method involves TIG welding with pulsed current process. In both the process commercial argon pure gas was used as a shielding gas. The results showed that hot cracking sensitivity was decreased when the specimen was welded using pulsed current process compared to continuous current process.

his research work aims to investigate the effect of flyash and MoS2 lubricant particles on the tribological properties of AlSi7Mg alloy fabricated through stir cum squeeze casting process. AlSi7Mg alloy is a supreme favourable industrial aluminium alloy owing to its exceptional casting ability, corrosion resistance and good strength to weight ratio. Stir casting is an effective and capable processing route for making aluminum composites with enhanced properties. Additionally, to achieve enhanced properties and a pore-free structure, stir cum squeeze casting processing was used to fabricate aluminium matrix composites. In the experimental investigation, AlSi7Mg alloy was reinforced with 0, 5, 10wt% flyash and 3wt% MoS2 and processed by stir cum squeeze casting method.

Incorporating of organic fibers originated from plants in polymer composite have gained significant attention over a period of time as they provide eco-friendly lighter composites. The increasing demand by automotive sectors for wear and frictional areas where the conservation of energy is concerned is expected with addition of nano -solid lubricants. Our aim is to fabricate organic frictional composites of basalt fiber reinforced polymer composites along with three possible combination of nano - solid lubricants like (1) graphite (2) graphene (3) molybdenum disulfide through hot press technique. The outcome of the tribological tests (by varying load and sliding velocity) indicates that these three-organic fiber-based polymer composites have been effectively modified by nano-solid lubricants leading to significant enhancement. In which molybdenum disulfide- based brake pad material is an attractive material to replace the practical problems in automotive sector was the key finding.

Disc brake is the customarily used braking system in automobiles. In the disc brake assembly, rotor is subjected to rotation and the brake pads are operated by the driver through mechanical action. So, the disc plays a decisive role in dropping the speed or stopping the vehicle. These discs were commonly made of cast iron conventionally. But the limitations with respect to cast iron are that they have less corrosion resistance and heavy in weight. In order to overcome the above-said complications, alternate materials for disc have to be found. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of three different materials and their characteristics and recommend a fitting material that highly replaces the conventional material and has better performance at on-road braking conditions.

Predicting the elasticity based on phase characteristics in the area of composite material design is a critical challenge. In comparison with experimental and analytical techniques, there are several advantages of using finite element modelling based microstructure of composite Representative Volume Elements (RVE). Nevertheless; there are some drawbacks to RVE’s traditional geometry-based finite element modelling (GB-FEM), such as the time it takes to build usable modelling and produce substantial finite element meshes. To address these problems, we developed and improved a voxel-based finite element modelling (VB-FEM) method. VB-FEM, unlike GB-FEM, creates a homogeneous grid mesh first and then detects components that correspond to inclusions. The remainders of the stages are identical to those in GB-FEM. In two illustrative numerical instances, GB-FEM and VB-FEM were compared in terms of performance. GB-FEM and VB-FEM were compared in terms of performance.

Generative Design is 3D CAD technique that uses AI to autonomously create optimal and productive design. Unlike regular designs, generative design applies algorithms to parameters that generate several possible design variations to review and choose from. The important and necessary factor of a formula vehicle is components that show high strength with light weight exhibiting higher performance. The un-sprung weight reduction is the most prevalent consideration while designing a formula vehicle. Our proposed study is focused to design and develop a formula vehicle knuckle through generative design method. Considering the manufacturing complications, continuous Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) with Onyx – Carbon Fibre composite is contemplated with all the test samples and response dataset taken into consideration. The primary work involves the designing of steering knuckle with the help of computation software.

The present study deals with natural lignocellulose fibril extricated from habara plant. The fibrils are found to possess high level of amorphous constituents. KOH Surface modification of fibrils at 5wt% enhanced the crystallographic index of habara plant fibers. The thermal stability of the fibers is found to be promising in comparison with unexposed habara plant fiber. The reinforcement of habara plant fibers with epoxy matrix contributed to utmost tensile and flexural strength of 79 MPa and 121 MPa. Scanning electron microscope analysis exposed the intricate surface of habara plant fibers are porous and rough in nature of the fibers subjected to KOH modification. The foresaid composites as application in automobile interior will result in reduction of land filling caused by man made fibril fortified polymer composites.

Solution route precipitation technique was opted to synthesize the nanostructured copper tungstate by the incorporation of cupric ion solution to the aqueous sodium tungstate reagent. The size and surface of the synthesized nanostructured material is highly influenced by the concentration of cuprous ion as well as the tungstate solution. The structural pattern and chemical composition of CuWO4 nanoparticles were analysed by powder XRD and FESEM with EDX spectrum. The powder XRD and EDX pattern confirmed the elemental composition of the synthesized samples. FESEM images indicated that the particle was present in random size distribution. At 298 K, water vapour pressure thermostat was achieved in the range from 5% to 98% as a relative humidity (RH). By providing the DC conductance measurement as a relative humidity, the humidity sensing nature of the material was investigated and the sensitivity factor (Sf) value of the prepared CuWO4 was calculated at 298K (Sf=9640±100).

Pure aluminium alloy (AA) components are not extending their cyclic life due to soft nature of the surfaces for most of the automotive structural parts, exposed to various loading and stress exposed areas through various surface property enhancement techniques. Among all the technique friction stir processing (FSP) followed by shot peening (SP) technique is the most viable and cost-effective process for enhancement of component performance and SP removing residual stresses on the samples thereby improving surface strength. The main objective of the proposed work was cast A356 alloy reinforced with nano form of 6wt% silicon carbide (SiC) harder particles and 3wt% self-lubricant graphene (Gr) was used to fabricated a surface nano hybrid composite through FSP technique. SP route was performed on the FSP-ed samples with optimal parametric conditions for obtaining improved mechanical performances.