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Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries have been demonstrated to have high energy density, high voltage, and excellent cycle life which make this technology more attractive than competing systems such as Ni-Cd and Ni-H2. However, the SOA cells fail to meet certain requirements necessary for various future NASA missions, such as good low temperature performance. Under a program sponsored by the Mars Exploration Program we have developed an organic non-aqueous electrolyte which has been demonstrated to result in improved low temperature performance of lithium-ion cells. The electrolyte formulation which has resulted in excellent low temperature performance, as well as good cycle life performance at both ambient and low temperatures, consists of a 1.0M solution of a lithium salt, lithium hexafluoro-phosphate (LiPF6), dissolved in a mixture of carbonates: ethylene carbonate + dimethyl carbonate + diethyl carbonate (1:1:1).

NASA requires lightweight rechargeable batteries for future missions to Mars and the outer planets that are capable of operating at low temperatures. Due to the attractive performance characteristics, lithium-ion batteries have been identified as the battery chemistry of choice for a number of future applications, including Mars Rovers and Landers. Under an Interagency program, lithium-ion cells of varying capacity are being developed for NASA and DOD applications. JPL, in collaboration with Wright Patterson Laboratory (Air Force), is currently evaluating a number of lithium-ion cells varying in capacity from 3 Ah to 50 Ah for future aerospace applications. The Mars Lander and Rover applications require a rechargeable, high energy density system capable of operation at temperatures as low as -20°C.