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This paper provides a reference for “real world” walking speeds of young pedestrians. The subjects of the study were unaware elementary school children crossing at marked crosswalks adjacent to elementary schools. The unaware pedestrians were videotaped at 30 frames/second with a camera hidden in a parked vehicle that was not visible from the crosswalks. The pedestrians' constant walking speeds were ascertained from analysis of the video recording. The walking speed data was categorized according to gender, estimated age, number of pedestrians in a group and time of day. The observed trends were compared to data from existing studies.

This study presents an efficient method for forensic engineers to determine the expected forward knee and hip displacements of automobile occupants who are restrained by seat belts during frontal impacts. The amount of knee displacement sustained by an occupant in a vehicular collision must be determined in order to assess seat belt usage and benefit. The results of this study may be referenced to model the lower body motion of vehicle occupants in frontal impacts for a range of impact severities. Previous research has empirically determined hip and limited knee displacements for subjects restrained in frontal impacts of specific severities; however, these research results have not been directly compared to produce a simple and practical model that is applicable for a range of collision severities.