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The present wording of implementing the regulation for type-approval of motor vehicles and engines with respect to emissions from heavy-duty vehicles (e.g., Euro VI requirements) describes the procedure to determine gaseous emissions from on-road measurements using Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS). Emissions to be measured according to the PEMS protocol are carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons (HC) nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). Measurement methods of particles will be included in the Euro VI requirements. Emission results from on-road testing can be used for In Service Conformity (ISC) pass/fail criteria but also for establishing emission factors for specific routes and verification of the fuel impact on the emissions.

In the EU regulations, specification's for diesel fuel quality is regulated in the standard EN590. Sweden has however for many years used an “Environmental Class 1” (EC1) diesel fuel. In addition to fulfilling the EN590 standard, the main difference today between the Swedish EC1 and the EN590 fuel specifications is that higher levels of aromatics and polyaromatics (PAH) are allowed in the EN590 standard. Aromatics are considered to be potentially mutagenic, and the higher levels of aromatics also lead to increased particle emissions. Earlier studies of the exhaust emissions from engines using the different fuel qualities have shown significant differences, both regarding regulated emissions and health effects. In these studies, vehicles from emission standard Euro III and older have been used. The scope of this study was to investigate whether the differences persist for a modern Euro V vehicle or not.