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This paper contains an analysis of the potential safety benefits of electronic stability control (ESC) for single unit trucks and tractor semitrailers within the U.S. operating environment. It is based on research projects [1,2] which combined hardware-in-the-loop simulation and vehicle testing with the analysis of independent crash datasets using engineering and statistical techniques to estimate the probable safety benefits of stability control technologies for 5-axle tractor-semitrailer vehicles and single unit trucks. The characteristics of ESC-relevant crashes involving these two vehicle classes were found to be very different as were the control strategies needed for crash avoidance. Rollover was the dominant ESC relevant crash type for tractor semitrailers while loss of control was the dominant ESC relevant crash for straight trucks.

As part of a system for structural health monitoring, it is required to determine the spatial and temporal distributions of vertical loads arising from heavy trucks driven on flexible bridge structures. An instrumented truck is used to generate the input loads and estimate the load time histories. The truck can carry a range of sensors; however direct measurement of vertical tire loads between the tires and the structure is not considered realistic. The dynamic loads are to be estimated from the sensor outputs. These are affected by both truck and bridge dynamics and these must be accounted for within the load estimation process. Estimation may be susceptible to many factors including static mass distribution, vehicle longitudinal motion, variations in lateral position on the bridge, as well as any surface unevenness.

The paper describes the approach, addresses integration challenges and discusses capabilities of the Hybrid Powertrain-in-the-Loop (H-PIL) facility for the series/hydrostatic hydraulic hybrid system. We describe the simulation of the open-loop and closed-loop hydraulic hybrid systems in H-PIL and its use for concurrent engineering and development of advanced supervisory strategies. The configuration of the hydraulic-hybrid system and details of the hydraulic circuit developed for the H-PIL integration are presented. Next, software and hardware interfaces between the real components and virtual systems are developed, and special attention is given to linking component-level controllers and system-level supervisory control. The H-PIL setup allows imposing realistic dynamic loads on hydraulic pump/motors and accumulator based on vehicle driving schedule.