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Premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) is an advanced combustion mode that has the aim of simultaneously reducing particulate matter and nitrogen oxide exhaust emissions, compared with conventional diesel combustion, thanks to a partially premixed charge and low temperature combustion. In this work, PCCI combustion has been implemented by means of an early single-injection strategy and large amounts of recirculated exhaust gas. Starting from a commercial Euro VI on-road engine, the engine hardware has been modified to optimize PCCI operations. This has involved adopting a smaller turbo group, a new combustion chamber and injectors, and a dedicated high-pressure exhaust gas recirculation system. The results, in terms of engine performance and exhaust emissions, under steady-state operation conditions, are presented in this work, where the original Euro VI calibration of the conventional engine has been compared with the PCCI calibration of the optimized hardware engine.

The burned-gas propagation process has been characterized in two bi-fuel engines by means of a combustion diagnostic tool resulting from the integration of an original multizone heat-release model with a CAD procedure for the burned-gas front geometry simulation. Burned-gas mean expansion speed ub, mean gas speed ug and burning velocity Sb were computed as functions of crank angle and burned-gas radius for a wide range of engine speeds (n = 2000-5500 rpm), loads (bmep = 200-790 kPa), relative air-fuel ratios (RAFR = 0.80-1.60) and spark advances (SA ranging from 8 deg retard to 8 deg advance from MBT), under both gasoline and CNG operations. Finally, the influence of intake runner and combustion chamber geometries on flame propagation process was investigated. Main results show that Sb is generally comparable for the engine running on both gasoline and CNG, at the same engine speed and load, under stoichiometric and MBT operations.