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Book

Active Safety and Connectivity in the Mobility Industry

2011-10-24
This set includes two books, edited by Delphi's Chief Technology Officer Dr. Andrew Brown, Jr., which explore some of the most significant challenges currently facing the automotive industry-building safer and more connected vehicles. Active Safety and the Mobility Industry and Connectivity and the Mobility Industry each include 20 SAE technical papers on their respective topics, originally published from 2009 through 2011. Active Safety and the Mobility Industry Details the latest innovations and trends in active safety technology and driver distraction prevention techniques. Connectivity and the Mobility Industry Covers such topics as vehicle-to-vehicle communications, telematics, and autonomous driving. It also includes three original articles on automotive connectivity, written by various industry experts. Buy a Combination of Books and Save!
Book

Active Safety and the Mobility Industry

2011-04-11
Safety is a key element in new vehicle design and active safety, together with driver distraction prevention, has become one of the most talked about issues in the mobility industry. This book features 20 SAE technical papers, originally published in 2009 and 2010, which showcase how the mobility industry is considering all aspects of safety in designing and producing safer vehicles. These papers were selected by SAE International's 2010 President Dr. Andrew Brown Jr., Executive Director and Chief Technologist for Delphi Corporation. The contents of this book explore a variety of safety issues in the areas of market and consumer preferences; driver assistance and modeling; active safety system, crash sensing and sensor fusion; communications; and road safety. The publication also includes a number of articles authored by renowned experts in the field of active safety.
Technical Paper

Correlating Port Fuel injection to Wetted Fuel Footprints on Combustion Chamber Walls and UBHC in Engine Start Processes

2003-10-27
2003-01-3240
Unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC) emissions from gasoline engines remain a primary engineering research and development concern due to stricter emission regulations. Gasoline engines produce more UBHC emissions during cold start and warm-up than during any other stage of operation, because of insufficient fuel-air mixing, particularly in view of the additional fuel enrichment used for early starting. Impingement of fuel droplets on the cylinder wall is a major source of UBHC and a concern for oil dilution. This paper describes an experimental study that was carried out to investigate the distribution and “footprint” of fuel droplets impinging on the cylinder wall during the intake stroke under engine starting conditions. Injectors having different targeting and atomization characteristics were used in a 4-Valve engine with optical access to the intake port and combustion chamber.
Journal Article

Development and Optimization of Intermediate Lock Position Camshaft Phaser System

2010-04-12
2010-01-1192
Intake camshaft retard beyond that necessary for reliable cold start-ability is shown to improve part-load fuel economy. By retarding the intake camshaft timing, engine pumping losses can be reduced and fuel economy significantly improved. At high engine speeds, additional intake cam retard may also improve full-load torque and power. To achieve these benefits, an intake camshaft phaser with intermediate lock pin position (ILP) and increased phaser authority was developed. ILP is necessary to reliably start at the intermediate phase position for cold temperatures, while providing increased phaser retard under warm conditions. The phaser also provides sufficient intake advance to maximize low-speed torque and provides good scavenging for boosted engine applications. Design and development of the intermediate locking phaser system is described. The pros and cons of various methods of accomplishing locking and unlocking a phaser are illustrated.
Technical Paper

Effects of B20 Fuel and Catalyst Entrance Section Length on the Performance of UREA SCR in a Light-Duty Diesel Engine

2010-04-12
2010-01-1173
The current study focused on the effects B20 fuel (20% soybean-based biodiesel) and SCR entrance shapes on a light-duty, high-speed, 2.8L common-rail 4-cylinder diesel engine, at different exhaust temperatures. The results indicate that B20 has less deNOX efficiency at low temperature than ULSD, and that N₂O emission need to be characterized as well as NH₃ slip. If a mixer and enough mixing length are used, longer divergence section does not improve the deNOX efficiency significantly under the speed ranges tested.
Technical Paper

Effects of Injection Timings and Intake Port Flow Control on the In-Cylinder Wetted Fuel Footprints during PFI Engine Startup Process

2005-05-11
2005-01-2082
Wall-wetting due to liquid fuel film motion and fuel droplet impingement on combustion chamber walls is a major source of unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC), and is a concern for oil dilution in PFI engines. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of injection timing, a charge motion control device, and the matching of injector with port geometry, on the “footprints” of liquid fuel inside the combustion chamber during the PFI engine starting process. Using a gasoline-soluble dye and filter paper deployed on the cylinder liner and piston top land surfaces to capture the liquid fuel footprints, the effects of the mixture formation processes on the wetted footprints can be qualitatively and quantitatively examined by comparing the wetted footprint locations and their color intensities. Real-time filming of the development of wetted footprints using a high-speed camera can also show the time history of the fuel wetting process inside an optically accessible engine.
Journal Article

Estimation Algorithms for Low Pressure Cooled EGR in Spark-Ignition Engines

2015-04-14
2015-01-1620
Low-pressure, Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation (LPC EGR) brings significant fuel economy, NOx reduction and knock suppression benefits to a modern, boosted, downsized Spark Ignition (SI) engine. As a prerequisite to design an engine control system for LPC EGR, this paper presents development of a set of estimation algorithms to accurately estimate the flow rate, pressure states and thermal states of the LPC EGR-related components.
Technical Paper

Estimation of Vehicle Roll Angle and Side Slip for Crash Sensing

2010-04-12
2010-01-0529
Estimation of vehicle roll angle, lateral velocity and side slip angle for the purpose of crash sensing is considered. Only roll rate sensor and the sensors readily available in vehicles equipped with ESC (Electronic Stability Control) systems are used in the estimation process. The algorithms are based on kinematic relationships, thus avoiding dependence on vehicle and tire models, which minimizes tuning efforts and sensitivity to parameter variations. The estimate of roll angle is obtained by blending two preliminary estimates, each valid in different conditions, in such a manner that the final estimate continuously favors the more accurate one. The roll angle estimate is used to compensate the gravity component in measured lateral acceleration due to vehicle roll or road bank angle. This facilitates estimation of lateral velocity and side slip angle from fundamental kinematic relationships involving the gravity-compensated lateral acceleration, yaw rate and longitudinal velocity.
Technical Paper

Finite Element Simulation Study of a Frontal Driver Airbag Deployment for Out-Of-Position Situations

2003-10-27
2003-22-0011
As more and more active restraint devices are added by vehicle manufacturers for occupant protection, the history of driver frontal airbags illustrates that the design performance of such devices for in-position (IP) occupants often have to be limited in order to reduce their aggressiveness for out-of-position (OOP) situations. As of today, a limited number of publications dealing with FE simulation of airbag deployment for OOP are available. The objective of our study was to evaluate the feasibility of airbag deployment simulations based on an extensive set of well-defined physical test matrix. A driver frontal airbag was chosen (European mid-size car sample) for this study. It was deployed against a force plate (14 tests in a total of 6 configurations), and used with Hybrid III 50th percentile dummy (HIII) in OOP tests (6 tests, 4 configurations). Special attention was paid to control the boundary conditions used in experiments in order to improve the modelling process.
Journal Article

Full-Time Gasoline Direct-Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) for High Efficiency and Low NOx and PM

2012-04-16
2012-01-0384
A gasoline compression-ignition combustion system is being developed for full-time operation over the speed-load map. Low-temperature combustion was achieved using multiple late injection (MLI), intake boost, and moderate EGR for high efficiency, low NOx, and low particulate emissions. The relatively long ignition delay and high volatility of RON 91 pump gasoline combined with an advanced injection system and variable valve actuation provided controlled mixture stratification for low combustion noise. Tests were conducted on a single-cylinder research engine. Design of Experiments and response surface models were used to evaluate injection strategies, injector designs, and various valve lift profiles across the speed-load operating range. At light loads, an exhaust rebreathing strategy was used to promote autoignition and maintain exhaust temperatures. At medium loads, a triple injection strategy produced the best results with high thermal efficiency.
Technical Paper

General Air Fuel Ratio and EGR Definitions and their Calculation from Emissions

2010-04-12
2010-01-1285
Many exhaust gas analyzers only calculate the Air Fuel Ratio (AF) based on equations derived for the special case of combustion without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and therefore do not represent the combustion AF during lean operation with EGR. Equations that are not subject to this limitation will be presented. Using these equations to provide measurements of the combustion AF and total inert EGR is encouraged as they relate more directly to what governs the combustion process.
Book

Green Technologies and Connectivity in the Mobility Industry

2011-10-24
This set includes two books, edited by Delphi's Chief Technology Officer Dr. Andrew Brown, Jr., which explore some of the most significant challenges currently facing the automotive industry-building greener and more connected vehicles. Green Technologies and the Mobility Industry and Connectivity and the Mobility Industry each include 20 SAE technical papers on their respective topics, originally published from 2009 through 2011. Green Technologies and the Mobility Industry http://books.sae.org/book-pt-146 Showcases how the mobility industry is developing greener products and staying responsive - if not ahead of - new standards and legal requirements Connectivity and the Mobility Industry http://books.sae.org/book-pt-148 Covers such topics as vehicle-to-vehicle communications, telematics, and autonomous driving. It also includes three original articles on automotive connectivity, written by various industry experts. Buy a Combination of Books and Save!
Book

Green Technologies and the Mobility Industry

2010-11-16
This book features 20 SAE technical papers, originally published in 2009 and 2010, which showcase how the mobility industry is developing greener products and staying responsive - if not ahead of - new standards and legal requirements. These papers were selected by SAE International's 2010 President Dr. Andrew Brown Jr., Executive Director and Chief Technologist for Delphi Corporation. Authored by international experts from both industry and academia, they cover a wide range of cutting-edge subjects including powertrain electrification, alternative fuels, new emissions standards and remediation strategies, nanotechnology, sustainability, in-vehicle networking, and how various countries are also stepping up to the "green challenge".
Book

Green, Safe, & Connected: The Future of Mobility

2011-10-24
This three-volume set includes explores the new paradigm "green, safe and connected" in the automotive industry. These books have been compiled for those looking for an integrated view of how the driving experience will develop within these boundaries, and what emerging technologies are likely to be successful in the upcoming years. Edited by Dr. Andrew Brown, Jr., Executive Director & Chief Technologist for Delphi Corporation, all three books include 20 technical papers written on their respective subject between 2009 and 2011. The set includes the following titles: Green Technologies and the Mobility Industry Covers a wide range of subjects showcasing how the industry is developing greener Active Safety and the Mobility Industry Details the latest innovations and trends in active safety technology and driver distraction prevention techniques. Connectivity and the Mobility Industry Covers such topics as vehicle-to-vehicle communications, telematics, and autonomous driving.
Technical Paper

High Frequency Ignition System for Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

2011-04-12
2011-01-1223
A high-frequency electrical resonance-based ignition concept is in development to replace conventional spark ignition functionality for gasoline engines employing various types of fuel injection methods. The concept provides the benefit of a continuous discharge phase and the electrical power of the discharge can also be adjusted to the needs of the combustion conditions. This concept employs an alternative method of generating high voltages, using inductors and capacitors trimmed such that the supplied energy steadily increases the output voltage. This configuration is widely known as Tesla transformer and has been engineered to operate in a modern gasoline engine combustion environment. This development allows very high break down voltages to be generated and the power into the spark itself can be influenced.
Technical Paper

In-Vehicle Networking Technology for 2010 and Beyond

2010-04-12
2010-01-0687
This paper is an overview of the current state (calendar year 2010) of in-vehicle multiplexing and what pertinent technologies are emerging. Usage and trends of in-vehicle networking protocols will be presented and categorized. The past few years have seen a large growth in the number and type of communication buses used in automobiles, trucks, construction equipment, and military, among others. Development continues even into boating and recreation vehicles. Areas for discussion will include SAE Class A, B, C, Diagnostics, SafetyBus, Mobile Media, Wireless, and X-by-Wire. All existing mainstream vehicular multiplex protocols (approximately 40) are categorized using the SAE convention as well as categories previously proposed by this author. Top contenders will be pointed out along with a discussion of the protocol in the best position to become the industry standard in each category.
Technical Paper

Individual Cylinder Fuel Control for Imbalance Diagnosis

2010-04-12
2010-01-0157
This paper identifies a select method for performing cylinder imbalance measurement, correction and diagnosis. The impetus is to address new U.S. Federal regulations that require the detection of excessive cylinder air-fuel ratio (AFR) imbalance, and doing so requires the foundational ability to measure and preferably remove cylinder imbalance via active closed-loop control. This function is called Individual Cylinder Fuel Control (ICFC). ICFC starts by extracting cylinder-imbalance information from the front oxygen sensor, and that information comes in the form a of continuous data stream. That stream is then parsed to create virtual sensors- one for each cylinder. Each virtual sensor acts as an imbalance or error signal which ICFC uses to correct and learn via feedback and feed-forward control for each cylinder. The cylinder imbalance diagnostic is enabled by the presence of ICFC.
Technical Paper

Low Pressure Cooled EGR Transient Estimation and Measurement for an Turbocharged SI Engine

2016-04-05
2016-01-0618
Low Pressure Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation (LP EGR) is an attractive technology to reduce fuel consumption for a spark-ignition (SI) engine, particularly at medium-to-high load conditions, due to its knock suppression and combustion cooling effects. However, the long LP EGR transport path presents a significant challenge to the transient control of LP EGR for the engine management system. With a turbocharged engine, this is especially challenging due to the much longer intake induction system path compared with a naturally aspirated engine. Characterizing and modeling the EGR, intake air mixing and transport delay behavior is important for proper control. The model of the intake air path includes the compressor, intercooler and intake plenum. It is important to estimate and track the final EGR concentration at the intake plenum location, as it plays a key role in combustion control. This paper describes the development of a real-time, implementable model for LP EGR estimation.
Technical Paper

Minimizing Gasoline Direct Injection (GDi) Fuel System Pressure Pulsations by Robust Fuel Rail Design

2011-04-12
2011-01-1225
Gasoline direct injection (GDi) engines have become popular due to their inherent potential for reduction of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption to meet increasingly stringent environmental standards. These engines require high-pressure fuel injection in order to improve the fuel atomization process and accelerate mixture preparation. To achieve a lower-cost system, a single-piston high-pressure fuel pump design is often employed due to its relative simplicity. However, pumps of this design are acknowledged as the source of high levels of fuel pressure fluctuations which can lead to audible noise, variations in the amount and spray quality of fuel delivery from cylinder to cylinder, compromised durability and consumer dissatisfaction. In this paper, the design process for a high-pressure fuel rail assembly using Robust Engineering methodology is presented.
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