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A new lower extremity has been developed to be used with Thor, the NHTSA Advanced Frontal Dummy. The new lower extremity, known as Thor-Lx, consists of the femur, tibia, ankle joints, foot, a representation of the Achilles' tendon and the associated flash/skins, it has been designed to improve biomechanical response under axial loading of the femur during knee impacts, axial loading of the tibia, static and dynamic dorsiflexion, static plantarflexion and inversion/aversion. Instrumentation includes a standard Hybrid ill femur load cell, accelerometers, load cells, and rotary potentiometers to capture relevant kinematic and dynamic information from the foot and tibia. The design also allows the Tnor-Lx to be attached to the Hybrid III, either at the hip, or at the knee.

The motion of occupants seated in a typical side facing seat in a general transport aircraft was analyzed using the DYNAMAN simulation program. This paper presents the results of the first phase of the study, where simulations were performed to validate the computer model against a set of tests performed at CAMI using Hybrid II and Hybrid III dummies. There was usually good agreement between test and simulation of the pelvic and chest accelerations, and right side lap belt and shoulder belt loads. The head accelerations tended to be underestimated and the neck and pelvic loads and moments overestimated in the simulations. The only injury parameter which consistently exceeded the tolerance value was the lateral moment at the head-neck junction.