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The test procedure applies to roll coupled units such as straight trucks, tractor semitrailers, full trailers, B-trains, etc. The test is aimed at evaluating the level of lateral acceleration required to rollover a vehicle or a roll-coupled unit of a vehicle in a steady turning situation. Transient, vibratory, or dynamic rollover situations are not simulated by this test. Furthermore, the accuracy of the test decreases as the tilt angle increases, although this is a small effect at the levels of tilt angle used in testing heavy trucks. The test accuracy is accepted for vehicles that will rollover at lateral acceleration levels below 0.5 g corresponding to a tilt table angle of less than approximately 27 degrees. Even so, the results for heavy trucks with rollover thresholds greater than 0.5 g could be used for comparing their relative static roll stability.

The test procedure applies to roll coupled units such as straight trucks, tractor semitrailers, full trailers, B-trains, etc. The test is aimed at evaluating the level of lateral acceleration required to rollover a vehicle or a roll-coupled unit of a vehicle in a steady turning situation. Transient, vibratory, or dynamic rollover situations are not simulated by this test. Furthermore, the accuracy of the test decreases as the tilt angle increases, although this is a small effect at the levels of tilt angle used in testing heavy trucks. The test accuracy is accepted for vehicles that will rollover at lateral acceleration levels below 0.5 g corresponding to a tilt table angle of less than approximately 27 degrees. Even so, the results for heavy trucks with rollover thresholds greater than 0.5 g could be used for comparing their relative static roll stability.

The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to provide a common electrical and mechanical interface specification that can be used to design electronic accelerator pedal position sensors and electronic control systems for use in medium—and heavy-duty vehicle applications.

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes performance guidelines for the capacity of the air reservoir systems used on trucks, towing trucks, truck-tractors, trailers, and converter dollies, with GVWRs over 10 000 lb, designed to be used on the highway in commercial operations.

This SAE Standard includes complete general and dimensional specifications for those types of pipe fittings commonly used in the automotive and other mass production industries where the use of lubricants or sealers is objectionable. The automotive pipe fittings shown in Figures 1 to 17 and Tables 1 to 6 are intended for general automotive and similar applications involving low or medium pressures or in conjunction with automotive tube fittings in piping systems.

This SAE Standard includes complete general and dimensional specifications for those types of pipe fittings commonly used in the automotive and other mass production industries where the use of lubricants or sealers is objectionable. The automotive pipe fittings shown in Figures 1 to 17 and Tables 1 to 6 are intended for general automotive and similar applications involving low or medium pressures or in conjunction with automotive tube fittings in piping systems.

This standard includes complete general and dimensional specifications for those types of pipe fittings commonly used in the automotive and other mass production industries where the use of lubricants or sealers is objectionable. The automotive pipe fittings shown in Figs. 1-17 and Tables 2-7 are intended for general automotive and similar applications involving low or medium pressures or in conjunction with automotive tube fittings in piping systems.

This SAE Standard includes complete general and dimensional specifications for those types of pipe fittings commonly used in the automotive and other mass production industries where the use of lubricants or sealers is objectionable. The automotive pipe fittings shown in Figures 1 to 17 and Tables 1 to 6 are intended for general automotive and similar applications involving low or medium pressures or in conjunction with automotive tube fittings in piping systems.

This SAE Standard includes complete general and dimensional specifications for those types of pipe, filler, and drain plugs (shown in Figures 1 to 6 and Tables 1 to 4) commonly used in automotive and related industrial applications.

This standard includes complete general and dimensional specifications for those types of pipe, filler, and drain plugs (shown in Figs. 1-6 and Tables 2-4) commonly used in automotive and related industrial applications.

This SAE Standard includes complete general and dimensional specifications for those types of pipe, filler, and drain plugs (shown in Figures 1 to 6 and Tables 1 to 4) commonly used in automotive and related industrial applications.

Successful scaling of automated driving system (ADS) technology and realization of its full potential will require developers and service providers to continuously monitor performance of their fleet and enact prompt improvements should issues arise. ADS developers and manufacturers can use the data collected from vehicles in active deployments (e.g., safety performance data) to proactively confirm initial risk assumptions and feed other safety management processes. This best practice provides an approach to continuous monitoring and potential improvement of safety performance of ADS-DVs after deployment. It also outlines approaches to analyzing data related to known and unknown variations in the ADS-DV’s operating environment and complements other AVSC best practices that provide metrics and methods which can be used to monitor safety [AVSC00006202103, AVSC00008202111] while considering important factors pertaining to how data is collected, analyzed, and used [AVSC00004202009].

Automated driving system (ADS) developers need a way to describe safe and competent driving for automated driving system-dedicated vehicles (ADS-DVs) in a way that is relatable to how stakeholders interpret safe driving today. Metrics informed by competent and safe human behavior could improve understanding and confidence in ADS-DVs. One way to make ADS safety performance relatable to stakeholders is to adopt an intuitive comparison to behaviors displayed on the road by human drivers. This best practice outlines an approach which involves comparing the on-road driving behavior of ADSs to that of human drivers, aiming to gain a deeper understanding of ADS behavior and its implications. It includes and assessment that centers on the predictability and similarity of ADS behavior relative to observed human driving behavior. By adopting this approach, a more comprehensive evaluation of the performance of ADS fleets can be achieved.

Driving safely is a complex task. It involves a broad range of skills invoked in a vast number of potential scenarios. Assessing a set of behavioral competencies offers a valuable directional indication of automated driving system-dedicated vehicle (ADS-DV) safety performance. Behavioral competencies provide a starting point for additional assessment and contribute to a manufacturer’s case for safety. This best practice provides an approach to specify testable ADS behavior by: Clarifying a lexicon surrounding ADS behaviors Enumerating an elemental set of behaviors Demonstrating how to derive metrics to evaluate behavioral competence To evaluate as many dynamic driving task (DDT) subtasks as possible, ADS developers decompose the DDT into a generalized set of behaviors. Subsequently, developers use system engineering techniques to ensure that this decomposition maps to an elemental set of behavioral competencies.

AVSC Best Practice for Interactions Between ADS-DVs and Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) AVSC00009202208 establishes common terminology and a baseline understanding of the challenges posed, and framework to evaluate automated driving system-dedicated vehicle (ADS-DV) interactions with VRUs. This best practice can facilitate communication among the industry and public, help calibrate expectations of all traffic participants, and improve broader acceptance of SAE level 4 and level 5 ADS-equipped vehicles.

This AVSC Best Practice for Metrics and Methods for Assessing Safety Performance of Automated Driving Systems (ADS) (AVSC00006202103) recommends a set of metrics that may be used to assess ADS safety performance of the dynamic driving task (DDT). These metrics and methods are principally designed to provide evidence of safety performance for a manufacturer’s decision to deploy (and monitor) fleet-operated/managed SAE level 4 and 5 ADS-dedicated vehicles (ride-hailing or product delivery). This document lays out a performance-based, technology-neutral approach for measuring and analyzing safety performance. It supports long-term, socially-important safety goals (like reducing crashes). ADS safety performance metrics in this document support system-level analyses, i.e. they are practical to implement for any system regardless of architecture.

This AVSC Information Report for Adapting a Safety Management System (SMS) for Automated Driving System (ADS) SAE Level 4 and 5 Testing and Evaluation (AVSC000007202107) shares information on a Safety Management System (SMS) framework in the context of ADS testing and evaluation operations. This report was developed to provide ADS organizations information about the role of organizational safety, which may be considered in the ADS testing and evaluation process. The SMS framework represents a method used in non-automotive industries (e.g., aviation, rail, nuclear) with the goal of enhancing an organization’s operational safety performance. A Safety Management System (SMS) is one approach designed to support organizational safety in a systematic and integrated way. The SMS framework is intended to promote a positive safety culture, assess and manage safety risk, evaluate risk control effectiveness, and support organizational safety policies and objectives.

AVSC Information Report for Change Risk Management AVSC00010202304 provides a process for change risk management for fleet-operated ADS-DVs using level 4 or 5 automation. The document addresses risks resulting from planned and unplanned changes in an ADS-DV design and/or operation. This information report is based on the concept of risk-informed decision-making. Making risk management decisions such as safety and change management, safety analysis, and safety assurance are especially applicable when moving from concept to production intent for the ADS-DV. Change Risk Management (CRM) does not replace best practices or other methods for managing safety anomalies or change management processes. It may instead be viewed as an additional resource that elaborates on how safety anomaly management and change management can be performed.

This SAE Standard provides test procedures for air and air-over-hydraulic disc or drum brakes used for on-highway commercial vehicles over 4536 kg (10000 pounds) GVWR. This recommended practice includes the pass/fail criteria of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. TP-121D-01.

This SAE Recommended Practice is intended to describe a procedure for rating the size of single-stage reciprocating air compressors. It describes the conditions that can be used for testing and it defines a standardized rating expressed in SLPM (SCFM).