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Thermal Management Systems Symposium industry discusses latest regulatory impacts, applications to reduce engine emissions, conserve energy, reduce noise, improve the cabin environment, increase overall vehicle performance passenger, commercial vehicle industry.

The 2024 On-Board Diagnostics Symposium-Europe (OBD-EU) continues to serve as the industry’s trusted event, providing regulatory and standards updates geared towards meeting European Commission and the California Air Resources Board ground vehicle emissions regulations.

A simple contact-point based start of injection sensor has been developed for use in closed-loop injection timing control systems. The main element in this sensor is a highly durable thin film deposited by an advanced ion plating process. This sensor is expected to provide accurate detection of start of injection over all speed ranges. Sensor transient response in the feedback loop is also expected to be fast compared to other types of sensors. This detecting method can easily be applied to many kinds of injectors because of its simple structure. The durability has been confirmed by extensive testing.

A distributed sensor is created to sense the rate of change in deflection of beam-like structures such as crane booms. This sensor will be useful in electrohydraulic compensation of boom deflections. The sensor is made of an array of strain-sensitive segments such as strain gages or piezoelectric film. In this example, segments of piezoelectric film convert strains on the surface of a vibrating beam into electrical outputs. These outputs are connected to low impedance signal conditioners. The output of the signal conditioners are then interpolated with a weighting vector that incorporates Lagrange polynomials, specified boundary conditions, and the desired location(s) of measurement. A simple linear combiner circuit combines the electrical outputs into the deflection velocity at the desired points.

A new sensing technology has been developed by the U.S. Department of Energy that makes possible non-mechanical means of position sensing, fluid level measurement, occupant sensing, distance measurement, and materials analysis. This technology is called Micropowered Impulse Radar or MIR. MIR technology can be used for direct measurements using a probe, or remote measurements with an antenna. Although many new and unique sensor applications are possible using MIR, this paper covers the description, design and characteristics of a time domain reflectometer (TDR) fuel/fluid level sensor using MIR technology. A comparison with other non-mechanical fuel level measurement technologies will be made.

In this paper, we explain the process of designing a fuzzy based controller which can be installed in a vehicle. This controller uses sensors and actuators to coordinate suspension, brakes and steering system in critical situations to help a driver maintain the kinetic balance of the vehicle. An advantage of this controller is that it doesn't interfere with the driver's habit in vehicle control and it resumes functioning only in critical moments. Using various actuators and sensors, we introduce a new approach to detect instability and the turnover threshold. This makes the proposed fuzzy analyzer a novel one.

In this paper, we explain the process of designing fuzzy based analyzers which can be installed in a vehicle. These analyzers use some kinds of sensors to detect the driver fatigue. This system helps a driver to be alert during vehicle driving. We propose a fatigue detection method which works in different way from the previous systems. In this method using some tactile sensors, the system predicts fatigue before the driver falls asleep, while driver's alertness and reaction decreases and the probability of the accident increases. An alarm massage concentrates the driver attention while s/he is going to be fallen in sleep. An advantage of this kind of fatigue detection is that it doesn't interfere with the driver's habit in vehicle control and it resumes functioning only in critical moments.

The reproduction of the vehicle motion is a crucial element of accident reconstruction. Apart from the position of the center of gravity in an inertial coordinate system, the vehicle heading plays an important role. The heading is the sum of the yaw angle and the vehicle body side slip angle. In standard vehicles, the yaw angle can be determined using the yaw rate sensor and the wheel speeds. However, the yaw rate sensor is often subject to temperature drift. The wheel speed signals are forged at low speeds or due to slip. These errors result in significant deviations of reconstructed and real vehicle heading. Therefore, an intelligent combination of these signals is required. This paper describes a fuzzy system which is capable to increase the accuracy of yaw angle calculation by means of fuzzy logic. Before the data is applied to the fuzzy system, it is preprocessed to ensure the accuracy of the fuzzy system inputs.

Functional safety requirements and solutions are more expensive when it comes to lower cost machines with less power but same functionalities with respect to big machines. The paper will show a real Electronic Control Unit (ECU) design of a machine controller, controlling both engine working point, transmission, and other utilities like PTO, 4WD, brakes and Differential Lock; the ECU was designed in accordance to ISO 25119 regulation, to meet AgPL = C or even D for some functionalities. The unit is a fully redundant electronic control unit with two CAN networks and some special safe state oriented mechanism, that allow the Performance Level C with less software analysis requirements compared with traditional solutions. All safety critical sensors are redounded and singularly diagnosable, all command effects are directly observable and most of commands are directly diagnosable.

Electronic control systems using microprocessors for construction machines have been increasing rapidly in response to needs for safety and convenience on the part of operators. Sensors and actuators will play an important role in the proliferation of these systems. Recently, there has been a growing number of applications in which it is necessary to determine the displacement of hydraulic sensors. As a result, many types of sensor systems were developed for this type of application. However, so far there have been no systems capable of working well in construction machines due to these sensors having to be used under extremely severe conditions. Severe impact and high temperature conditions generated by compressed hydraulic oil ended up delaying the development of these systems. In response to these needs, the authors have developed a hydraulic cylinder equipped with a magnetic stroke sensor for use in heavy duty operations.

This article introduce a kind of displacement sensor and the matching circuits with it. The sensor can be used to measure the displacement of cartridge insert valve in the medium of pressure with amplitude ranged from 0 Mpa to 32 Mpa.