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This paper describes the design concept and characteristics created to develop a new 200 hp class crawler tractor and the subsequent test to assume the achievement of objectives. The new tractor provides a stable platform for good control of the dozer blade and ripper, a main frame for independent mounting of the hydraulically controlled power train and superstructure components, easy servicing of power train components, integration of the ROPS with the chassis, and a 210 hp engine at 2100 rpm.

The AVL International Commercial Powertrain Conference is the premier forum for truck, agricultural and construction equipment manufacturers to discuss powertrain technology challenges and solutions across their industries. The topics of the conference, which happens every two years, cover all five elements of a modern powertrain: engine, transmission, electric motor, battery and the electronic control which are used basically the same way in the quest for optimal efficiency and environmental compatibility. This event offers a unique opportunity for highly regarded professionals to address the synergy effects and distinctive characteristics of commercial vehicles, agricultural tractors and non-road vehicles, and industrial machinery. These proceedings are being co-published with SAE International, via a strategic partnership.

Organized in cooperation with SAE International, AVL’s International Commercial Powertrain Conference- ICPC, happens every two years. It is the premier forum for truck, agricultural and construction equipment manufacturers to discuss powertrain technology challenges and solutions across their industries. This event offers a unique opportunity for engineers to address the synergy effects and distinctive characteristics of commercial vehicles, agricultural tractors and non-road vehicles, and industrial machinery. In 2017, the 9th ICPC focused on alternative powertrain technologies and innovations improving operating efficiency. These proceedings focus on: • Future challenges for engines and emissions • Smart Technologies Changing Farming • Cyber Physical Systems in Agriculture Business • OEM View of the Future of the Construction Machinery Industry • Powertrain Developments • CO2 Reduction • CVT Transmission Platform Technology • Autonomous and Connected Trucks

A cartridge type pivotal pin and bushing joint has been patented and is being tested and refined both in the laboratory and on construction machinery. It features “dry lubricated” (Teflon) bearings which are assembled and sealed prior to installation. It is suitable for heavy unit loads and use under severe wear conditions, such as in crawler track chains and loader bucket pivotal pin joints. A brief history of U. S. manufactured track pin joints is included to show the progress in extending the service life of these devices.

“Today, wearing parts are regularly subjected to abnormal loading conditions. They must be able to accept these conditions without failure. In continuous operations, unscheduled downtime greatly increases maintenance costs, not to mention the cost of lost production. White iron castings offer premium abrasion resistance for many of these applications, but are often not used due to the possibility of brittle failure and the difficulty of mechanical attachment. This paper discusses the properties and applications of a composite of martensitic white iron and mild steel. This laminate will accept medium to high impact without loss of service failure, and can be installed by mechanical means or with welded attachment.”

Recently, application of electronics to construction machinery has proceeded rapidly, and various measuring techniques have been required for a large number of electronic control or monitoring systems. Measurement of true velocity notwithstanding the existence of shoe or wheel slips is one of them. Microwave Doppler radar is an ideal measuring method for the purpose and has been used in automotive applications for many years. However, these vehicular radars don’t provide satisfactory results in typical operating conditions of construction machinery. And there remains a lot of problems to be solved. For example, the relative error at low velocity of 1km/h or so must be reduced. In this paper, solutions of these problems based on data of the field computer simulations and mathematical analyses are described. This study led to the conclusion that the radar’s performance can be highly improved.

The objective of this paper is to delineate the importance of pictures, i.e., graphical models, in documenting and communicating the high level functionality of a complex system, primarily for embedded software requirements and specifications. An overview is given of various graphical techniques and methodologies for modeling complex systems. The aspects (advantages and disadvantages) relating to different categories of modeling are outlined. Discussion of complex systems extends beyond the functional/software aspects of product design to both process and project modeling. The author shares personal observations and experiences with modeling, and tools used.

Effective requirements elicitation and management is a common need in supplier-OEM relationships, and continues to play a vital role in all aspects of the product development lifecycle. While traditional methods address the business goals for requirements and provide guidance in ensuring the accuracy of the “Descriptive-Prescriptive-Explanatory” outputs for requirements gathering and documentation, engineering organizations continue to encounter challenges with respect to capturing and communicating change, accommodating the addition of relevant design details and efficient propagation to inform development. These challenges become more difficult to overcome in mechatronic systems, which combine mechanical systems with integrated software. As software development can produce an overwhelming volume of information that requires accurate tracking and proliferation, it cannot be effectively managed using traditional hardware-centric systems.

Minimum criteria are provided for steps, stairways, ladders, walkways, platforms, handrails, handholds, guardrails, and entrance openings which permit ingress to and egress from operator, inspection, maintenance or service platforms on off-road work machines parked in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

A new Artificial Intelligence (AI) “Expert System” software technology has been developed which shows real promise as the core platform of the Decision Support System for Truck Repair. The “Expert system” consists of a Model Based reasoning mechanism, and a Rule Based shell along with an on-line documentation and graphics capability. This technology combines the development speed and accuracy of Model Based technology, the precision of Rule Based expert systems along with the ease-of-use associated with a “Hypertext” information system.

The basic performance characteristics of greatest interest are airflow restriction or pressure drop, dust collection efficiency, dust capacity, and air cleaner structural integrity. This test code therefore addresses itself to the measurement of these parameters.

Low crew productivity and extension of service intervals past design limits are the two major reasons so many heavy equipment PM programs are ineffectual. ALPM, or Assembly Line Preventive Maintenance is an innovative system for equipment servicing, providing management scheduling tools and the necessary controls. The system has a successful track record in a number of severe applications.

This SAE Standard includes complete general and dimensional specifications for those types of pipe, filler, and drain plugs (shown in Figures 1 to 6 and Tables 1 to 4) commonly used in automotive and related industrial applications.

This standard includes complete general and dimensional specifications for those types of pipe, filler, and drain plugs (shown in Figs. 1-6 and Tables 2-4) commonly used in automotive and related industrial applications.

This SAE Standard includes complete general and dimensional specifications for those types of pipe, filler, and drain plugs (shown in Figures 1 to 6 and Tables 1 to 4) commonly used in automotive and related industrial applications.

Determining pre-impact acceleration and braking performance values is an important aspect of reconstructing collisions. Collision analysts may have to rely upon performance testing of an exemplar vehicle for reliable data to use in traffic collision reconstruction cases. These performance characteristics are well documented for many vehicle classes, but are limited when discussing urban transit style buses. The constant stop and go urban driving conditions in which they operate constantly challenge the vehicle components. Because of the heavy weights and operating conditions, auxiliary braking systems are often installed to prolong the life of the service brakes. A series of idle acceleration, maximum acceleration, and maximum braking tests were conducted using urban transit style buses that are currently in-service in a large metropolitan area. The initial braking target speed for these braking tests was 64 kph (40 mph).

Four acceptance test programs and delineation of responsibilities for determining acceptability of construction equipment prior to shipment from the factory are discussed. The four test programs are referred to as Preproduction Acceptance Tests (performed on preproduction prototype units), Product Evaluation Tests (performed on initial production units of new models), Quality Conformance Inspection (performed on each production unit), and Customer Acceptance Test (performed on random sample units from production). They are four of many procedures by which the quality manager manages product quality by detection, correction, and prevention of defects. Machines are looked at from the positive viewpoint of acceptability-not just defects-and must pass these tests before they can be shipped from the factory. The quality manager has full responsibility for the quality of products shipped and for customer acceptance of products.

Minimum criteria are provided for steps, stairways, ladders, walkways, platforms, handrails, handholds, guardrails, and entrance openings which permit ingress to and egress from operator, inspection, maintenance or service platforms on off-road work machines parked in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

After-sales product information remains one of the most vital and elusive inputs required by a profitable manufacturer. Tracking of capital goods products, such as construction machinery, is especially critical because of its high product-unit value, extended product service life, and the market demand for continued product improvement. This paper presents a system designed by a manufacturer to accumulate, assimilate, and disseminate timely product service information.

The societies around the world remain far from meeting the agreed primary goal outlined under the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change: reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to keep global average temperature rise to well below 20°C by 2100 and making every effort to stay underneath of a 1.5°C elevation. Current emissions are rebounding from a brief decline during the economic downturn related to the Covid-19 pandemic. To get back on track to support the realization of the goal of the Paris Agreement, research suggests that GHG emissions should be roughly halved by 2030 on a trajectory to reach net zero by around mid-century.2 Although these are averaged global targets, every sector and country or market can and must contribute, especially higher-income and more developed countries bear the greater capacity to act. In 2020 direct tailpipe emissions from transport represented around 8 GtC02e, or nearly 15% of total emissions.