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THE purposes of this paper are as follows: 1. To describe methods, equipment, and procedures used in evaluating and selecting heavy-duty oils for diesel engines in the Naval service. 2. To present demerit limits that must be met to obtain approval of heavy-duty oils. 3. To show relationships between lubricating oil test results from small diesel test engines and those from the large submarine type of engines. 4. To show certain general trends of results of oils tested over a period of 3½ years. 5. To indicate the goals that should be met in respect to heavy-duty oil performance.