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This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) includes general information about the various types and styles of flexible tanks and the tank-mounted fittings that adapt the tank to the surrounding structure and fluid-system plumbing. Recommendations are given relative to the dimensional layout of the tank when these recommendations serve to avoid tank fabrication problems and tank/structure interface problems. As a part of these recommendations, critical dimensions of plumbing adapter fittings are discussed and recommendations made. Tank manufacturing tolerances are given. Recommendations are made relative to cavity design and preparation to facilitate a reliable installation. The special installation requirements of non-self-sealing, self-sealing, and crash-resistant tanks are discussed. This document is not intended to replace the information or requirements of the military and commercial procurement specifications listed in section 3.

This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers a brief discussion of the icing problem in aircraft fuel systems and different means that have been used to test for icing. Fuel preparation procedures and icing tests for aircraft fuel systems and components are proposed herein as a recommended practice to be used in the aircraft industry for fixed wing aircraft and their operational environment only. In the context of this ARP, the engine is not considered to be a component of the aircraft fuel system, for the engine fuel system is subjected to icing tests by the engine manufacturer for commercial and particular military applications.

To describe general guidelines for achieving selected levels of cleanliness in gas turbine engine fuel system components and to describe laboratory methods for measuring and reporting the contamination level of the wetted portion of fuel system components. As in SAE J1227 (covering hydraulic components) this practice includes guidelines for levels of acceptance but does not attempt to set those levels.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) includes general information about the various types and styles of flexible tanks and the tank-mounted fittings that adapt the tank to the surrounding structure and fluid-system plumbing. Recommendations are given relative to the dimensional layout of the tank when these recommendations serve to avoid tank fabrication problems and tank/structure interface problems. As a part of these recommendations, critical dimensions of plumbing adapter fittings are discussed and recommendations made. Tank manufacturing tolerances are given. Recommendations are made relative to cavity design and preparation to facilitate a reliable installation. The special installation requirements of nonself-sealing, self-sealing, and crash-resistant tanks are discussed. This document is not intended to replace the information or requirements of the military and commercial procurement specifications listed in Section 2.

This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers a brief discussion of the icing problem in aircraft fuel systems and different means that have been used to test for icing. Fuel preparation procedures and icing tests for aircraft fuel systems and components are proposed herein as a recommended practice to be used in the aircraft industry for fixed wing aircraft and their operational environment only. In the context of this ARP, the engine (and APU) is not considered to be a component of the aircraft fuel system, for the engine fuel system is subjected to icing tests by the engine/APU manufacturer for commercial and specific military applications. This ARP is written mostly to address fuel system level testing. It also provides a means to address the requirements of 14 CFR 23.951(c) and 25.951(c). Some of the methods described in this document can be applied to engine and APU level testing or components of those application domains.

This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers a brief discussion of the icing problem in aircraft fuel systems and different means that have been used to test for icing. Fuel preparation procedures and icing tests for aircraft fuel systems and components are proposed herein as a recommended practice to be used in the aircraft industry for fixed wing aircraft and their operational environment only. In the context of this ARP, the engine is not considered to be a component of the aircraft fuel system, for the engine fuel system is subjected to icing tests by the engine manufacturer for commercial and particular military applications.

This report is intended to identify the necessary analytical tools to enable making value judgments for minimizing the various errors typically encountered in capacitance systems. Thus, in addition to identification of error sources, it describes the basic factors which cause the errors. When coupled with appraisals of the relative costs of minimizing the errors, this knowledge will furnish a tool with which to optimize gauging system accuracy, and thus, to obtain the optimum overall system within the constraints imposed by both design and budgetary considerations. Since the subject of capacitance accuracy is quite complex, no attempt is made herein to present a fully-comprehensive evaluation of all factors affecting gauging system accuracy. Rather, the major contributors to gauging system inaccuracy are discussed and emphasis is given to simplicity and clarity, somewhat at the expense of completeness. An overview of Capacitive Fuel Gauging operation is provided in the Appendix.

This report is intended to identify the various errors typically encountered in capacitance fuel quantity measurement systems. In addition to identification of error sources, it describes the basic factors which cause the errors. When coupled with appraisals of the relative costs of minimizing the errors, this knowledge will furnish a tool with which to optimize gauging system accuracy, and thus, to obtain the optimum overall system within the constraints imposed by both design and budgetary considerations. Since the subject of fuel measurement accuracy using capacitance based sensing is quite complex, no attempt is made herein to present a fully-comprehensive evaluation of all factors affecting gauging system accuracy. Rather, the major contributors to gauging system inaccuracy are discussed and emphasis is given to simplicity and clarity, somewhat at the expense of completeness. An overview of capacitive fuel gauging operation can be found in AIR5691.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is limited to the subject of aircraft fuel system plumbing systems and the questions concerning the requirements for electrical bonding of the various components of the system as related to Static Electric Charges, Electromagnectic Interference (EMI) and Lightning Strikes (Direct and Indirect Effects)

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is limited to the subject of aircraft fuel systems and the questions concerning the requirements for electrical bonding of the various components of the system as related to Static Electric Charges, Fault Current, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and Lightning Strikes (Direct and Indirect Effects). This AIR contains engineering guidelines for the design, installation, testing (measurement) and inspection of electrical bonds.

This document establishes requirements, test procedures, and acceptance criteria for the fire testing of fluid handling components and materials used in aircraft fluid systems. It is applicable to fluid handling components other than those prescribed by AS1055 (e.g., hoses, tube assemblies, coils, fittings). It also is applicable to materials, wiring, and components such as reservoirs, valves, gearboxes, pumps, filter assemblies, accumulators, fluid-cooled electrical/electronic components, in-flight fluid system instrumentation, hydromechanical controls, actuators, heat exchangers, and manifolds. These components may be used in fuel, lubrication, hydraulic, or pneumatic systems.

The "Scope" section may be a very brief statement describing the coverage of the specification for a simple device, or it may require a long description of limiting parameters for a more complex device or system having a complicated interface definition.

The importance of adequate component procurement specifications to the success of a hardware development program cannot be overemphasized. Specifications which are too stringent can be as detrimental as specifications which are too lax. Performance specifications must not only identify all of the component requirements, but they must also include sufficient quality assurance provisions so that compliance can be verified. It should be understood that in almost every case specifications for components will ultimately become part of a BINDING, WRITTEN CONTRACT (PO). The purpose of this document is to describe types of specifications, provide guidance for the preparation of fluid component specifications, and identify documents commonly referenced in fluid component specifications.

It is intended to provide capacitance gaging system "specifiers" with the necessary tools to make value judgements concerning the various errors typically encountered in systems of this type. Thus, in addition to merely identifying the error-causes, descriptions are given concerning the basic factors from which these error-causes derive. This knowledge, when complemented with appraisals of the relative costs of minimizing the error-causes, will furnish the system specifier with a powerful tool with which to optimize gaging system accuracy, and thus, to obtain the "best possible" overall system within the constraints imposed by both design and budgetary considerations. Since the subject of capacitance gaging accuracy is quite extensive, and in some instances very complex, no attempt is made herein to present an all-inclusive and fully comprehensive evaluation of the subject. Rather, the major contributors to gaging system inaccuracy are discussed.

The importance of adequate component procurement specifications to the success of a hardware development program cannot be overemphasized. Specifications which are too stringent can be as detrimental as specifications which are too lax. Performance specifications must not only identify all of the component requirements, but they must also include sufficient quality assurance provisions so that compliance can be verified. It should be understood that in almost every case specifications for components will ultimately become part of a BINDING, WRITTEN CONTRACT (PO). The purpose of this document is to describe types of specifications, provide guidance for the preparation of fluid component specifications, and identify documents commonly referenced in fluid component specifications.

This document describes the requirements for air vehicle fuel, vent, and propulsion fuel system functional components.

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the maximum allowable free opening dimensions for airframe fueling ports on civil aircraft that require the exclusive use of gasoline as an engine fuel, and the minimum free opening dimensions for airframe fueling ports on civil aircraft that operate with turbine fuels as the primary fuel type and with gasoline as the emergency fuel type. This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) also defines the features and dimensions for airframe refueling ports on civil aircraft that require the exclusive use of turbine fuel as an engine fuel. In addition, this document defines the minimum fuel nozzle spout dimensions for turbine fuel ground service equipment, and the maximum fuel nozzle spout diameter for gasoline ground service equipment.

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the maximum allowable free opening dimensions for airframe fueling ports on civil aircraft that require the exclusive use of gasoline as an engine fuel, and the minimum free opening dimensions for airframe fueling ports on civil aircraft that operate with turbine fuels as the primary fuel type and with gasoline as the emergency fuel type. This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) also defines the features and dimensions for airframe refueling ports on civil aircraft that require the exclusive use of turbine fuel as an engine fuel. In addition, this document defines the minimum fuel nozzle spout dimensions for turbine fuel ground service equipment, and the maximum fuel nozzle spout diameter for gasoline ground service equipment.