Energy absorbing crash protection systems are now being developed using various types of shock absorbing devices. This paper deals with design parameters involved in producing such a system. Basic shock absorber concepts as applied to this problem are treated in general discussion centering on hydraulic devices. Governing equations are presented dealing with the design of a hybrid device combining a shock absorber and a compressible medium return mechanism capable of being used as a 5 mph zero damage bumper system for a passenger car.
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