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This standard applies to General Purpose Industrial Machines, as described in SAE J1116, which are equipped with Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS). This SAE Standard establishes performance criteria for Falling Object Protective Structures (FOPS) intended to provide operators of general purpose industrial machines with overhead protection from objects such as bricks, concrete blocks, and small hand tools that may fall from heights of not more than 9 m (30 ft) above the ground, encountered in operations such as highway maintenance, landscaping, and other services on construction sites where the falling object develops an energy not to exceed 1360 J (1000 ft-lbf).

This Recommended Practice applies only to machines covered by SAE J1040c (ROPS). The evaluations are for resistance to localized penetration. The performance requirements, of a representative specimen within the manufacturer's specifications, are based on the performance of experience proven structures under the laboratory evaluation procedure. It is intended that all portions of this Recommended Practice shall be reviewed and revised as additional knowledge of FOPS performance becomes available. This SAE Recommended Practice establishes a consistently repeatable laboratory evaluation procedure and performance requirements in that evaluation for structures intended to provide operators with reasonable protection from such falling objects as trees and rocks.

This SAE Standard applies to operator protective structures which may commonly be a part of construction, forestry, mining, and industrial machines.

This SAE Standard applies to the following off-road work machines of mass greater than 700 kg that are commonly used in earthmoving, construction, logging, and mining applications as identified in SAE J1116 JUN86 and designed for an-board, seated operator: a Crawler tractors and loaders (see SAE J1057 SEP88 Sections 3.1 and 7.1 and SAE J727 JAN86 for description and nomenclature). b Graders (see SAE J1057 SEP88 Section 6 and SAE J870 JUL84 for description and nomenclature). c Wheel loaders, wheel tractors, and their modifications used for rolling or compacting, dozer equipped wheel tractors, wheel log skidders, skid steer loaders, and backhoe loaders (see SAE J1057 SEP88 Sections 3.2, 7.2, and 9 for description and nomenclature). d Wheel industrial tractors (see SAE J1092 JUN86 for description and nomenclature). e Tractor portion of semi-mounted scrapers, water wagons, articulated steer dumpers, bottom dump wagons, side dump wagons, rear dump wagons, and towed fifth wheel attachments (see SAE J1057 SEP88 Sections 4.1.1.4, 4.1.2, 4.2.1.1, 4.3.1.2, 4.3.1.3, 4.3.2, and 5 and SAE J869 JUL90 and SAE J728 JUL90 for description and nomenclature). f Rollers and compactors (see SAE J1017 JAN86 for description and nomenclature). g Rigid frame dumpers with full mounted bodies (see SAE J1057 SEP88 Sections 4.1.1.1, 4.1.1.2, 4.1.1.3, 4.1.1.5, and 4.3.1.1 and SAE J1016 JUL90 for description and nomenclature).

This SAE Standard establishes the specifications and content for labeling of ROPS, FOPS, and OPS, which may commonly be a part of construction, forestry, mining, and industrial machines. The label content herein shall be applied to a ROPS and/or FOPS and/or OPS on any of these machines.

The purpose of this information report is to provide concepts for rational selection and application of materials for Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) and Falling Object Protective Structures (FOPS) and to provide information about the properties that should be considered in selecting and utilizing material in protective structures. While other materials could conceivably be used successfully, this report is limited to a consideration of steel with discussion on its mechanical properties and processing characteristics. Emphasis is placed on the toughness aspect (ability to resist brittle fracture) as this property is of paramount importance to structure integrity. It is emphasized that specific values for material properties have relevance to performance only in conjunction with specific design considerations such as structure size or weld joint detail and location.

This standard applies to the following off-road work machines of mass greater than 700 kg that are commonly used in earthmoving, construction, logging, and mining applications as identified in SAE J1116 JUN86 and designed for an on-board, seated operator: (a) Crawler tractors and loaders (See SAE J1057 JUN81 Sections 3.1 and 7.1 and SAE J727 JAN86 for description and nomenclature.) (b) Graders (See SAE J1057 JUN81 Section 6 and SAE J870 JUL84 for description and nomenclature.) (c) Wheel loaders, wheel tractors and their modifications used for rolling or compacting, dozer equipped wheel tractors, wheel log skidders, skid steer loaders, and backhoe loaders (See SAE J1057 JUN81 Sections 3.2, 7.2 and 9 for description and nomenclature.) (d) Wheel industrial tractors (See SAE J1092 JUN86 for description and nomenclature.)

This recommended practice applies only to excavators, as defined in SAE J1057, working above ground, near an excavated or free standing bank or mine face which is higher than the top of the cab, or in demolition applications of free standing buildings or objects higher than the top of the cab.

This standard applies to General Purpose Industrial Machines, as described in SAE J1116, which are equipped with Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS).

The following off-highway machines commonly used in earthmoving, construction, logging, and mining applications are included (pneumatic-tired agricultural machines and machines whose use is predominantly, or entirely, in manufacturing plants and/or warehouses are specifically excluded): (a) Crawler tractors and crawler loaders of mass greater than 700 kg (1543 lb). (b) Graders of mass greater than 700 kg (1543 lb). (c) Wheel loaders, and wheel tractors, and their modifications used for rolling and compacting, and wheel log skidders of mass greater than 700 kg (1543 lb). (d) The tractor portion of semi-mounted scrapers, dumpers, water wagons, bottom dump wagons, rear dump wagons and towed fifth wheel attachments of mass greater than 700 kg (1543 lb). (e) Dumpers with full-mounted bodies of mass greater than 700 kg (1543 lb). (f) Skid-steer loaders of mass greater than 700 kg (1543 lb). (g) Wheel loaders and wheel tractors equipped with dozers of mass greater than 700 kg (1543 lb).

The Deflection Limiting Volume (DLV) is shown in Fig. 1. It is an orthogonal approximation of a large operator in the normal seated position.

This standard applies to General Purpose Industrial Machines, as described in SAE J1116, which are equipped with Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS).

This Recommended Practice applies only to machines covered by SAE J1040c (ROPS). The evaluations are for resistance to localized penetration. The performance requirements, of a representative specimen within the manufacturer’s specifications, are based on the performance of experience proven structures under the laboratory evaluation procedure. It is intended that all portions of this Recommended Practice shall be reviewed and revised as additional knowledge of FOPS performance becomes available.

The purpose of this information report is to provide concepts for rational selection and application of materials for Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) and Falling Object Protective Structures (FOPS) and to provide information about the properties that should be considered in selecting and utilizing material in protective structures. While other materials could conceivably be used successfully, this report is limited to a consideration of steel with discussion on its mechanical properties and processing characteristics. Emphasis is placed on the toughness aspect (ability to resist brittle fracture) as this property is of paramount importance to structure integrity. It is emphasized that specific values for material properties have relevance to performance only in conjunction with specific design considerations such as structure size or weld joint detail and location.

The Deflection Limiting Volume (DLV) is shown in Fig. 1. It is an orthogonal approximation of a large operator in the normal seated position.

The following off-highway machines commonly used in earthmoving, construction, logging, and mining applications are included (pneumatic-tired agricultural machines and machines whose use is predominantly, or entirely, in manufacturing plants and/or warehouses are specifically excluded): (a) Crawler tractors and crawler loaders of mass greater than 700 kg (1543 lb). (b) Graders of mass greater than 700 kg (1543 lb). (c) Wheel loaders, and wheel tractors, and their modifications used for rolling and compacting, and wheel log skidders of mass greater than 700 kg (1543 lb). (d) The tractor portion of semi-mounted scrapers, dumpers, water wagons, bottom dump wagons, rear dump wagons and towed fifth wheel attachments of mass greater than 700 kg (1543 lb). (e) Dumpers with full-mounted bodies of mass greater than 700 kg (1543 lb). (f) Skid-steer loaders of mass greater than 700 kg (1543 lb). (g) Wheel loaders and wheel tractors equipped with dozers of mass greater than 700 kg (1543 lb).

This SAE Standard applies to the following off-road work machines of mass greater than 700 kg that are commonly used in earthmoving, construction, logging, and mining applications as identified in SAE J1116 JUN86 and designed for an-board, seated operator: Crawler tractors and loaders (see SAE J1057 SEP88 Sections 3.1 and 7.1 and SAE J727 JAN86 for description and nomenclature). Graders (see SAE J1057 SEP88 Section 6 and SAE J870 JUL84 for description and nomenclature). Wheel loaders, wheel tractors, and their modifications used for rolling or compacting, dozer equipped wheel tractors, wheel log skidders, skid steer loaders, and backhoe loaders (see SAE J1057 SEP88 Sections 3.2, 7.2, and 9 for description and nomenclature). Wheel industrial tractors (see SAE J1092 JUN86 for description and nomenclature).

ROPS and/or FOPS may commonly be a part of construction, forestry, mining, industrial, and agricultural machines. The label content herein should be applied to a ROPS and/or FOPS on any of these machines. See SAE J1116 for categories of machines.

The compositions and mechanical properties are only suggested to ensure good weldability and good formability in conjunction with control of mechanical properties. The particular design must be considered to ensure that the materials selected are compatible with the design. The indicated properties are intended to assure that the ROPS or FOPS will have meaningful resistance to brittle fracture. The impact toughness requirement is the conventional Charpy V Notch evaluation: it is primarily a quality control check and the indicated temperature does not directly relate to operating conditions. Three steel product categories are covered: hollow structural members, plates, bars and shapes, and castings.