Search Results

The objective of this project was to replace electromechanical power line contactors with a Static Transfer Switch (STS) to improve the transfer of electrical power between aircraft generators and decrease required maintenance. The switch requirements include high reliability, lightweight, and high speed (less than 15mS) power transfer. An STS can shorten the bus transfer time to less than the “ride-through” of aircraft electronic loads and therefore have the ability to control and transfer electrical power while maintaining critical mission requirements. The content of this paper and presentation will discuss the initial problem, the research and development approach, design, and initial testing of the STS.

Crankshafts of motorcycles require high strength, high reliability and low manufacturing cost. Recently, a reduction of Pb content in the free-cutting steel, which is harmful substance, is required. In order to satisfy such requirements, we started the development of Pb-free free-cutting steel which simultaneously enabled the omission of the normalizing process. For the omission of normalizing process, we adjusted the content of Carbon, Manganese and Nitrogen of the steel. This developed steel can obtain adequate hardness and fine microstructure by air-cooling after forging. Pb-free free-cutting steel was developed based on Calcium-sulfur free-cutting steel. Pb free-cutting steel is excellent in cutting chips frangibility in lathe process. We thought that it was necessary that cutting chips frangibility of developed steel was equal to Pb free-cutting steel. It was found that cutting chips frangibility depend on a non-metallic inclusion's composition, shape and dispersion.

There is a movement to apply emission control in a marine engine as well due to high public awareness of environmental concern in the United States. We started at the development of 3-seater Personal Watercraft (PWC) equipped with 4-stroke engines in taking environment conformity and potential into account. The PWC employed series 4-cylinder 1100cc displacement engine that has been used for mass production motorcycles. The engine was modified to satisfy requirements for PWC, as a marine engine, such as performance function and corrosion. In order to achieve greater or equal power/weight ratio as against two-stroke PWCs, a four-stroke engine for PWC with an exhaust turbo charger was developed. As a result, we succeeded in developing an engine that attained top-level running performance and durability superior to competitors' 2-stroke engines.

A new compact skid steer loader has been developed. Along with productivity and cost, the design of this loader was concentrated on improving ease of operation, operator comfort and safety, and serviceability. This paper discusses how serviceability was improved over previous model Bobcats. That is; improved accessibility to regulary serviced items, reduced service parts and improved reliability.

In many cases of the development of motorcycle engines, the combustion analysis has been of the engine in laboratory, not of the one onto actual motorcycles. It is mainly because the combustion analyzer in the market is too large to load onto a motorcycle. Pressure sensor, crank angle detector, arithmetic unit and data record device are necessary to analyze the combustion. The arithmetic unit is to process detected signals and generally needs the largest space among them. Needless to say, more reliable results of the combustion analysis could not be obtained under such limited experimental conditions. Therefore, we developed a compact combustion analyzer, which is possible to be loaded onto a motorcycle. The width of the arithmetic unit is 91mm, the depth 98mm and the thickness 20mm. The core chip has the calculation ability of 78MIPS at a clock speed 60MHz, and it has AD converter, DA converter and high-speed counter.

Customers are demanding more productive and reliable machines that are easier to operate and service. The machines must also be cost effective. These criteria also apply to electrical and electronic systems. The development of systems to meet these demands on the new 9000 Series combines is described.

이 문서는 공급자가 9100의 조항을 준수하고자 할 때 AQAP-2110을 적용하는 것에 관한 정보와 지침을 제공하기 위해 작성 및 발행된 것이다. 이 문서는 AQAP-2110-SRD.2 및 IA9137로 간행된다. 이는 NATO와 산업계에서 AQAP-2110과 9100 간의 관계에 대한 이해와 활용을 촉진하기 위해 NATO와 산업계 대표들이 공동으로 작성한 것이다. 획득 국가가 자국의 조달 방법으로 대외군사판매(FMS)를 이용할 때는 AQAP가 필요할 수 있다. 이 문서는 획득 국가와 9100을 준수하고자 하는 공급 국가의 AQAP-2110 요구사항 해석에 있어 공통성을 제공하는 데에 목적을 두고 있다. 이 문서의 내용은 법적 또는 계약상의 지위를 갖지 않으며, 일체의 AQAP-2110 또는 9100 요구사항을 대체하거나 그 요구사항에 추가되는 것도 아니다. 있을 수 있는 조건의 다양성(작업 또는 공정의 유형, 사용 기기 및 관련 인원의 역량에 따르는) 때문에, 이 지침이 모든 것에 적용되는 것으로 간주하거나, 계약 요구사항 충족에 필요한 특정 수단 또는 방법을 강요하는 것으로 간주해서는 안 된다. 이해당사자들은 이러한 요구사항을 충족하기 위해 다른 수단 또는 방법을 사용할 수도 있다는 점을 알고 있어야 한다. 이 지침 사용자는 계약서에 명시되는 바와 같이 AQAP 2110 요구사항이 공급자와 하청업체가 지켜야 하는 의무사항임을 명심해야 한다.

この文書は、供給者が9100の規定を遵守する場合の、AQAP-2110の適用に関する情報及びガイダンスを提供するために作成され、発行された。この文書は、AQAP-2110-SRD.2及びIA9137として発行されている。この文書は、NATO及び業界によるAQAP-2110及び9100の関係の理解及び利用を容易にするために、NATO及び業界の代表者が協同で策定した。AQAPは、調達国が対外有償軍事援助（FMS）を調達手段として利用する場合に、必要となる場合がある。 この文書の目的は、調達者及びその9100供給者によるAQAP-2110要求事項の解釈の共通化に寄与することである。 この文書の内容は法的位置づけも契約上の位置づけも有せず、AQAP-2110の要求事項又は9100の要求事項のいずれに対しても取って代わるものでも、追加するものでも、削除するものでもない。 様々な状況が、作業、工程の種類、又は使用される機器、及び関わる要員のスキルのような要因に左右されて存在し得るため、このガイダンスは網羅的なものと見なされることも、また、契約書の要求事項を満たすための特定の手段や方法を義務付けるものと見なされることも望ましくない。ステークホルダーは、これらの要求事項を満たすために、他の手段や方法が使用され得ることを認識すべきである。 このガイダンスの利用者は、AQAP 2110要求事項が、契約書に引用されているとおり、供給者や二次供給者に義務付けられていることに留意することが望ましい。

Multiple automotive systems are now being developed which require an imager or vision chip to provide information regarding vehicle surroundings, vehicle performance, and vehicle passenger compartment status. Applications include lane departure, lane tracking, collision avoidance, as well as occupant position, impaired driver, and occupant identification. These applications share many requirements, including robust design, tolerance for the automotive environment, built in self-test, wide dynamic range, and low cost. In addition, each application has unique requirements for resolution, sensitivity, imager aspect ratio, and output format. In many cases, output will go directly to vehicle systems for processing, without ever being displayed to the driver. Commercial imager chips do not address this wide spectrum of requirements. A CMOS imager chip has been designed to address these unique automotive requirements.

Getting information about new products and/ or services across the design and manufacturing/ quality assurance community of automotive engineers is one of the greatest challenges of mankind. Since information is the key to progress, an organization's success often depends on its ability to communicate. National and international competition forces designers and manufacturers to continuously innovate and make their product design and manufacturing / assembly processes lean and market driven. Simultaneously the time to market is rapidly shrinking. This means that marketing and sales departments have to explain and sell their increasingly more complex products to an increasingly more educated and globally distributed customer base at a competitive price, and in a short time.

Hydrodynamic parameters play a major role in the dynamics and control of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV). The performance of an AUV is dependent on the parameter variations and a proper understanding of these parametric influences is essential for the design, modelling and control of high performance AUVs. In this paper, a six sigma framework for the sensitivity analysis of a flatfish type AUV is presented. Robust design techniques such as Taguchi’s design method and statistical analysis tools such as Pareto-ANOVA, and ANOVA are used to identify the hydrodynamic parameters influencing the dynamic performance of an AUV. In the initial study, it is found that when the vehicle commanded in forward direction, it is in bow down configuration which is unacceptable for AUV motion. This is because of the vehicle buoyancy and shape of the vehicle. So the sensitivity analysis of pitch angle variation is studied by using robust design techniques.

In 1970, O&K Orenstein & Koppel AG, Germany, introduced one of the largest hydraulic excavators in the world, the RH 60, an hydraulic excavator with a 9 yd3 face shovel, or a 6 yd3 backhoe attachment. The machine proved to be a productive and reliable tool even on field applications unknown for hydraulic excavators before its introduction. Major features of the machine, its basic design, and examples of field applications are discussed.

In the process of conducting a reliability analysis of a system, quite often the population of interest is not homogenous; consisting of sub-populations which arise as production operations are adjusted, component suppliers are changed, etc. While these sub-populations are each unique in many ways, they also have much in common. It is also common for data to be available from a variety of different test regimes, e.g. environmental testing and fleet maintenance observations. Hierarchical Bayesian methods provide an organized, objective means of estimating the reliability of the individual systems, the sub-population reliability as well as the reliability of the entire population. This paper provides an introduction to a Bayesian approach that can be extended for more complicated situations.

Certain standard parts in the aerospace industry require qualification as a prerequisite to manufacturing, signifying that the manufacturer’s capacity to produce parts consistent with the performance specifications has been audited by a neutral third-party auditor, key customer, and/or group of customers. In at least some cases, a certifying authority provides manufacturers with certificates of qualification which they can then present to prospective customers, and/or lists qualified suppliers in a Qualified Parts List or Qualified Supplier List available from that qualification authority. If this list is in an infrequently updated and/or inconsistently styled format as might be found in a print or PDF document, potential customers wishing to integrate qualification information into their supplier tracking systems must use a potentially error-prone manual process that could lead to later reliance on out-of-date or even forged data.

This paper discusses various engine installations in Naval aircraft, looking especially at their costs of maintenance. Fuel systems, fuel control systems, and several engine accessories are discussed for present and future engines. It is concluded that simple, reliable equipment is necessary to keep aircraft in the air instead of in maintenance areas on the ground.

In the summer of 1922 the Buick Company began experimenting with balloon tires. The first tires tested, being four-ply and 32 x 6.20 in. in size, produced a galloping action that was sufficient to prejudice the company's engineers against them, and the tests were discontinued. In addition to the galloping effect, other difficulties encountered included those usually present in steering, the development of wheel shimmying to a serious degree, the lack of proper clearance for external brakes because of the small 20-in. wheels, the excessively rapid wear of the tire tread, and the greater susceptibility to puncture. Leaks because of the pinching of the inner tubes also occurred. When, later, a set of 5.25-in. tires was tried on a smaller car, the galloping was noticeably less; but punctures were more numerous than was the case with high-pressure tires.

An advanced fuel injector designed specifically for low energy density gaseous fuels has been developed which demonstrates compelling performance advantages over fuel injectors utilizing conventional solenoid technology. The injector incorporates design features that are necessary to optimize the performance for fuels such as CNG, LNG, and propane. This paper provides a background of magnetic latching technology and addresses the application of the technology to an advanced, pressure balanced, gaseous fuel injector. Performance of the injector will be discussed in detail as will features of the injector specifically adapted for gaseous applications. The ability of the injector to solve fuel metering problems facing the industry, such as turn down ratio limitations, accuracy, durability, and compatibility with existing engine electronics, are addressed.

An electrical system composed of an integral main engine electrical starter/generator and a power management and distribution system for a high performance more electric airplane is presented. The paper emphasizes the fault tolerance and high reliability requirements and discusses the necessary architecture to satisfy them. A number of critical technical issues associated with the more electric airplane, such as severe EMI environment, regenerative power, and system integration and stability are discussed.

The requirements for diesel and gasoline engines are continuously increasing with respect to emissions, fuel consumption and durability. Besides the engine development process the quality of the production engine itself has to be ensured. This paper discusses alternative philosophies and approaches in terms of the quality management process. Based on a detailed analysis of the required equipment advanced solutions are presented. Modular containerized test cells are described being equipped exactly to the current testing task ready to use in low infrastructure. The testing capacity of the facility can be adjusted to the actual production volume by simply removing or adding modular test cells. Thus, at every facility the testing tasks can be executed successfully and the investment can be kept low.

A process for simultaneously optimizing the mechanical performance and minimizing the weight of an automotive body-in-white will be developed herein. The process begins with appropriate load path definition though calculation of an optimized topology. Load paths are then converted to sheet metal, and initial critical cross sections are sized and shaped based on packaging, engineering judgment, and stress and stiffness approximations. As a general direction of design, section requirements are based on an overall vehicle “design for stiffness first” philosophy. Design for impact and durability requirements, which generally call for strength rather than stiffness, are then addressed by judicious application of the most recently developed automotive grade advanced high strength steels. Sheet metal gages, including tailored blanks design, are selected via experience and topometry optimization studies.