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Engine in-cylinder flow structure governs the combustion process and directly influences emission formation and fuel consumption at the source. In naturally aspirated DI diesel engine, combustion process coupled with low pressure mechanical fuel injection systems set different requirements for inlet port performance. In-cylinder swirl needs to be optimized for efficient combustion to meet emission levels and fuel consumption targets. Thus, intake port design optimization process becomes a vital requirement. In the present paper intake port design optimization is carried out for single cylinder naturally aspirated engine using mechanical fuel injection systems. The objective is to investigate in-cylinder flow field developed by intake port designs, study the effects of geometrical details of various port cross sections on flow velocity and pressure fields and establish a relationship with intake port performance parameters i.e. swirl and flow coefficient.

By looking current scenario, engine development lead time was reducing day by day to enter early in the competitive market and to compete as early as possible. During initial engine development phase, it was very important to know how engine operating temperatures were affecting to piston pack and related system. Conventionally temp plug method was used to capture the piston temperature, but it was time consuming, much costly, for every test condition, new temp plug pistons required, if unfortunately, any hot shutdown happened during the test, again full test needs to be restarted with new set of temp plug pistons and many more limitations. So, for Cummins engine we used Telemetry technique to measure the piston temperature ONLINE and in real time. Piston telemetry enables the telemetric transfer of piston data from internal reciprocating and rotating components. The pistons had wireless telemetry to send real time steady state and transient data from within engines.

This paper presents the natural and artificial weathering behavior of different soft skin materials such as leather, leatherette and textiles used for automotive seat cover applications. The objective of this study was to understand the physical and aesthetical changes occurring at these flexible materials under sun UV light and heat exposure. The natural weathering study under glass exposure was carried out as per ASTM G 24 at natural weathering site location and artificial weathering as per SAE J2412 at lab. The material was observed for surface changes such as color, texture, crack and physical changes like flexibility and hardness during the exposure. The sample exposed at natural weathering data for every 15 days were recorded, and artificial weathering for every 100 hours were recorded.

The favorable mechanical properties of Composite materials are excellent stiffness/weight and strength/weight ratios, easy formability and corrosion resistance. The application of composites in structural components is still limited by the difficulty in predicting their service lives. The objective of this research paper is to develop and evaluate damage initiation or delamination onset and growth in a C-C composite 8 layered pre-preg material 3D laminate model (dimension 25x3.4x85mm and ply thickness 1mm) under loading conditions without crack using ANSYS Autodyne tool subjected to a uni-axial load of 40N at the free end. Mapped quadrilaterals mesh is generated with 2610 nodes and 1792 elements. Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) formulations are more powerful than Fracture Mechanics approaches because they allow the prediction of both initiation and crack propagation.

Single point Incremental forming (SPIF) is a metal forming process that has achieved impeccable quality since the early 1990s. ISF is a very limited twisting process in which an improved device that must be used after a particular direction travels on a metal sheet to form the desired shape. Process parameters such as axial feed (mm), feed (mm / min), tool diameter (mm) and depth (mm) at the interface between samples during SPIF greatly affect the quality of the cone. Maximum thinning (mm), cone height (mm), wall angle (mm), formation time (minutes), etc. The purpose of this study was to study these parameters by improving the cone mass formed by VMC. For a detailed study of these parameters, experiments were performed using the orthogonal array L9. Output parameters such as mechanical quality effects were analysed using COPRAS (Complex Proportional Assessment of alternatives) and ANOVA.

Road accidents are increasing now-a-days, Safety of pedestrian is the great concern. In average, 10% of urban pedestrian accidents are fatal. Statistics show that the impact on front side of cars is the major cause of pedestrian deaths (83.5%). The function of a vehicle’s engine hood is to keep its engine covered and allow access to the engine compartment as required for maintenance and repair. The hood structure not only protects the engine cavity, but also keeps pedestrians away from the parts of that cavity. The absorption capability and stiffness of hood structures are the key points considered when designing a vehicle’s hood. The impact of the pedestrian head on automotive hood results in major injuries and sometimes in death. Conventional engine hood results in greater Head Injury Criterion (HIC) values. GFRP pyramidal lattice core structures are used in automobiles which is used for good energy absorption.

Advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) are becoming an essential part of the modern commercial automobile industry. Vehicle handling and stability are determined by the yaw rate and body slip of the vehicle. This paper is a comparative study of a nonlinear vehicle stability control algorithms for steering control based on two different controllers i.e. fuzzy logic based controller and PID controller. A full vehicle 14DOF model was made in Simulink to simulate an actual vehicle. The control algorithms are based on a two-track 7-DOF model with a non-linear tire model based on Pacejka “Magic tire formula”, which was used to establish the desired response of a full vehicle 14DOF model. It was found that the fuzzy logic-based control algorithm demonstrated an overall superior performance characteristic than a PID based control algorithm; this includes a significant decrease in time lag and overshoot.

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a widely used solid state welding process in which its heats metal to the below recrystallization temperature due to frictional force. FSW mostly avoids welding defects like hot cracking and porosity which are mainly occur in conventional welding techniques. In this process the combination of frictional force and the mechanical work provide heating the base metal to get defect free weld joints. Aluminium Alloys 2014 and 6061 are generally used in a wide range of automobile applications like Engine valves and tie rod, shipbuilding, and aerospace due to their high corrosion resistance, lightweight, and good mechanical properties. In the present work, aluminium alloys of AA6061 and AA2014 were effectively welded by friction stir welding technique. The tool rotational speed, travel speed, and tool profile are the important parameters in FSW process. High Speed Steel (HSS) tool with Hexagonal profile is used for this joining.

In tracked vehicles, the undercarriage frame components such as track shoes, sprocket, idler, rollers and their configuration plays an important role while transferring the loads from the ground to the main frame. To understand the loads coming on the upper frame and understand the power consumed to drive the vehicle, it is important to model the undercarriage components. This paper presents the methodology for modeling track systems dynamics and its energy analysis. A 3D model of tracked vehicle was developed using commercially available Multi-Body Dynamics tool and validated against test results. The contact parameters between ground and track shoes was determined by varying their values within a defined range based on empirical data available. The undercarriage performance was measured by determining the power required by the hydrostatic drivetrain motor.

The fatigue testing machine mostly used for industrial or laboratory applications are limited to performing single fatigue tests with high leading cost. In the present paper the experimental setup of the traditional fatigue testing machine is integrated with torsional test, to experimentally study the effect of fluctuating stresses on the material under service. In contradiction to earlier machines, the machine herein developed provides uniform bending and twisting moment distribution along the length of the test specimen. The machine performs fatigue test and torsional test, which provides the extreme force needed to understand the properties and behavior of materials. The machine consists of an electric motor to provide the required torque and two circular arms with adjustable chucks to fit test samples of various sizes. The machine provides computerized data for failed samples with data pertaining to each sample.

In the present work, it is aimed at developing an integrated approach for combustor modeling involving rapid prototyping and water tunnel testing to assess the cold flow numerical simulations; the physical model will be subjected to cold flow visualization and parametric studies and CFD analysis to demonstrate its capability for undergoing rigorous cold flow testing. A straight through annular combustors is chosen for the present study because of it has low pressure drop, less weight and used widely in modern day aviation engines. Numerical Analysis has been performed using ANSYS-FLUENT. Three dimensional RANS equations are solved using k-ɛ model for the Reynolds numbers ranging from 0.64 x 105-1.5 x 105 based on the annulus diameter. Post processing the results is done in terms of jet penetration, formation of recirculation zone, effective mixing, flow split and pressure drop for different cases.

Door shut-line definition is the first vital step in car body door engineering and depends on the hinge position, hinge shape, manufacturing capabilities and other parameters. In the design process, once the hinge axis definition is finalized door shut-line is defined which should satisfy two major requirements. The requirements are clearance between the door outer surface with its surrounding components (like hinges, fender, other door etc.) and assembly feasibility. Another one is the manufacturability of the proposed design. The above conditions must be checked on different locations of the door as well as w.r.t different openings of the door. The paper presents a mathematical model to determine the door shut-line position with great computational efficiency. This method propounds closure engineer with parameters to define the shut line rather than going for cumbersome manual iterative process.

Toe setting is one of the major wheel alignment parameters which directly effects handling of a vehicle. Correct toe setting ensures desired dynamic behavior of an automobile like straight line stability, cornering behavior, handling and tire durability. Incorrect setting of toe during design stage significantly deteriorates tire durability and leads to uneven tire wear. In the present scenario of automotive industry, toe setting is majorly an iterative or a trial and error process which is both time consuming and involves higher development cost as there may be instances where 2 to 3 sets of iterations are needed before specification is finalized for production. Therefore, determining optimum toe setting at an early stage of a product development will not only save significant development time but it will also benefit in reducing product validation time and cost.

A Powertrain is one of the major sources of excitation of a vehicle vibration and noise in off highway vehicles. It typically has a significant contribution in whole vehicle NVH characteristics. The structure borne energy of the powertrain is transmitted to the chassis and rest of the vehicle through powertrain mounts. Hence, it is of prime importance to design an effective powertrain mounting system in such a way that it will reduce vehicle vibrations to improve vehicle NVH as well as ride comfort, resulting in an effective vibration isolation system and ensuring long service life. In this paper, a newly developed an analytical tool for effective design of isolation system is discussed. For this model, powertrain is considered as a six degree-of-freedom system. Analytical calculations are implemented to find optimum mount design parameters i.e. stiffness, orientation and position of isolators to meet desired NVH targets.

Activated carbon was produced from a new part of banana plant namely true stem in this current research and used as fillers in polymer composites for automobile application. True stems of banana plants are the main wastes in banana or fruit markets which refer to the remains after banana fruits are removed from the supporting stems. Conversion of raw material into activated carbon particles is done by chemical and heat activation. The raw material used here were dried samples of banana plant’s true stem. This material was heated in a crucible at 400°C and then powdered. These crushed samples were activated using hydrochloric acid at 120°C for 5 hours and finally in a furnace for thermal activation at 700oC for 1 hour. These particles were incorporated as fillers in composites at Proportions of 15%, 25%, 35% and 45%. The activated carbon samples have been characterized by determining its fixed carbon content and bulk density.

In automotive door engineering, fitting the side door glass surface from styling into the cylinder or torus is the basic requirement. Optimization is required to do this, which requires a solver which could be efficacious for best surface fitting. This paper propounds a methodology which could be used for fitting a side door glass surface from styling into the cylinder or torus. The method will significantly help in developing the required surface and can successfully eliminate the cumbersome manual calibrations. The mathematical model mentioned is a novel approach based on “Particle Swarm Optimization” (“PSO” will be used to represent in the paper) towards surface optimization technique. VB script is used to make it applicable in CATIA but could be easily applied in any other programming language like python, java etc. Usually the surface fitting problems deals with the initial guess of the required surface and then its further optimization.

Two-wheeler represent one of the most used mode of transport in countries like India. The data from NCRB shows that most injuries to two-wheeler motorists are after being thrown off the vehicle. A self-stabilized combined with enclosure prevents serious injury in case of a skidding of the two-wheeler. The primary objective of the work is to create a suspension system for the enclosed self-balancing two-wheeler such that it can withstand the load of the vehicle itself and the extra payload. Ride comfort was primary objective of the work. The suspension system was modeled from the first principles, solved using MATLABTM SIMULINKTM and kinematics simulation was performed to learn the behavior of the system in MSC ADAMSTM. Dynamic simulations were also carried out to check if the forces were under permissible levels for overall design. The parameters considered for the work were hard-points, suspension stiffness and damping.

In the last two decades, most of the advances in exhaust systems such as acoustic filters and mufflers had been developed to attenuate noise levels and emissions as per environment norms. The purpose of this research work is to design, analyze and test an exhaust muffler in order to determine the pressure drop and noise reduction in the exhaust system. Computational Fluid Dynamic simulations were performed using ANSYS Fluent 16.2. The muffler diameter and length were chosen where as perforations and baffles were also considered so as to have the maximum pressure drop and noise reduction. This study is aimed at investigating a reactive perforated muffler. Several designs were considered for maximum pressure drop and the best was finally selected for manufacturing. Experimental testing was carried out with the finalized muffler prototype.

In the current scenario, durable exhaust system design, development and manufacturing are mandatory for the vehicle to be competitive and challenging in the automotive market. Material selection for the exhaust system plays a major role due to the increased warranty requirements and regulatory compliances. The materials used in the automotive exhaust application are cast iron, stainless steel, mild steel. The materials of the exhaust systems should be heat resistant, wear and corrosion resistant. Stainless steel is the most commonly used material in the automotive exhaust system. Due to increasing cost of nickel and some other alloying elements, there is a need to replace the stainless steel with EN 8 steel. Recent trends are towards light weight concepts, cost reduction and better performance. In order to reduce the cost and to achieve better wear and corrosion resistance, the surface of the EN 8 steel is modified with coatings.

In driving, Steering is the input motion to the vehicle. The driver uses steering input to change the direction of the vehicle. During Parking or U turn bends the Steering is locked and later released to follow the desired path. Steering return ability is defined as the ratio of difference between steering wheel position at lock condition and steering wheel angle after 3 seconds of release to the steering wheel angle at lock condition. Having proper steering return ability characteristics has an important effect on vehicle steering characteristics. In this study, a full vehicle ADAMS model is prepared, and virtual steering return ability have been simulated in ADAMS/CAR for a Pickup truck vehicle. Simulated responses in the steering wheel angle have been validated by comparison with measurements. A Design of Experiment study is setup and Iterations are carried out to find the effect of Hard points and friction parameters.