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Abstract For the vibration durability bench test of commercial vehicle batteries, it is essential to have accurate test specifications that exhibit high robustness and reasonable acceleration characteristics. This study evaluates the impact of different battery frame systems on the vibration response of the battery body, as determined by road load spectrum test results of a commercial vehicle battery system. It also confirms the variations in the external environmental load. Utilizing the response spectrum theory, a comprehensive calculation method for the fatigue damage spectrum (FDS) of batteries is developed. The time domain direct accumulation method, frequency domain direct accumulation method, and frequency domain envelope accumulation method are all compared.

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Abstract There are examples in aerodynamics that take advantage of electric-to-aerodynamic analogies, like the law of Biot–Savart, which is used in aerodynamic theory to calculate the velocity induced by a vortex line. This article introduces an electric-to-aerodynamic analogy that models the lift, drag, and thrust of an airplane, a helicopter, a propeller, and a flapping bird. This model is intended to complement the recently published aerodynamic equation of state for lift, drag, and thrust of an engineered or a biological flyer by means of an analogy between this equation and Ohm’s law. This model, as well as the aerodynamic equation of state, are both intended to include the familiar and time-proven parameters of pressure, work, and energy, analytical tools that are ubiquitous in all fields of science but absent in an aerodynamicists’ day-to-day tasks. Illustrated by various examples, this modeling approach, as treated in this article, is limited to subsonic flight.

This document considers available retardation mechanisms including friction brakes, regenerative braking systems, engine retarders, transmission intarders, driveline retarders and exhaust brakes in operation on vehicles with GVW ratings greater than 4536kg (10,000 LB).

Automotive closure slam is the most crucial attribute affecting the closure structure and its mountings on BIW due to its high occurrence in real-world usage. Thus, virtual simulation of closure slam becomes necessary and is generally carried out using explicit codes with associated technical hitches like all-requisite inputs availability, FE modeling and analysis techniques, substantial human effort, high solution time, human and computational resource competence, or even access to suitable expensive explicit FE solver. Hence it becomes challenging to virtually analyze the design at every design phase of product development cycle under strict timelines leading to possibilities of both over- and under-designed parts, sometimes resulting in physical testing or even field failures. So, the need for an alternative simplified representation of closure slam, addressing the typical issues faced during explicit dynamic simulation and producing acceptable analysis outputs, gains significance.

Much of the thermal energy derived from combustion of fuel is lost through exhaust gases. By effectively recovering waste heat energy in the form of electricity, it can be used to recharge batteries or power auxiliary systems thus improving both performance and fuel economy. In this work, the use of thermoelectric generators (TEG) for energy recovery were studied using both computational and experimental strategies. The efficiency of TEG (ȠTEG) was analyzed through computational methods by changing temperature gradients, Seebeck coefficient (α), and dimensions of the P- and N-type plates individually. The results of computational analysis showed that in comparison to vertical and planar configuration, mixed-type thermocouple delivered 83.3% and 96% more power, respectively. Raising the α, enhanced the ȠTEG by 57% and lowering α affected the ȠTEG by 9.5% for mixed thermocouples.

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