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This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the minimum performance requirements for an angle of attack (AOA) system.

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers the following basic types: Type I - Pitot pressure, straight and L-shaped, electrically heated. Type II - Pitot and static pressures, straight and L-shaped, electrically heated.

This standard gives the dimensional requirements for insert arrangements used in AS81569 Series 1 and 2 electrical connectors.

Platooning still promising for trucking

Bosch Rexroth EMPAC

A free access tool based on a pedestrian-vehicle collision model is presented. The model allows for the qualitative and quantitative description of the entire dynamics of an event through pre-collision, collision, and post-collision segments. Furthermore, it enabled the determination of the magnitude of the initial speed of the vehicle before collision with a pedestrian and the location of the point of impact on the road where the accident occurred. The model inputs correlate to evidence collected at the scene, providing a platform checklist to assist investigators in their fieldwork. Additionally, the pre-collision segment allowed the investigators to develop an avoidability study to evaluate road safety. The model was validated by comparing the results with experimental cases developed with dummies, bodies, and reconstructed cases using statistical methods. It is shown that there is no significant difference, thus verifying its functionality.

Abstract The research proposes three types of structural models of the negative stiffness structure (NSS) using steel springs (SS), air springs (AS), and roller springs (RS) for the seat vibration isolator to improve the ride quality in vehicles. A three-dimensional (3D) dynamics model of the vehicle with the seat vibration isolator embedded with the SS, AS, and RS is established under various vehicle working conditions. Based on the genetic algorithm (GA), the dynamic parameters of the SS, AS, and RS are optimized to further improve ride quality. The isolation efficiency of the optimized SS, AS, and RS are then evaluated via the root-mean-square (RMS) accelerations of the driver’s seat (aws ), vehicle body pitching (awϕb ), and rolling angles (awθb ) and the Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility (SEAT) of the seat vibration isolator.

Powertrain Diversification, Electrification, and Sustainability Among Key Topics

Abstract The dimensional quality of the car body is built on quality management of form, fitment, and functional requirements. Each of these attributes reflects the final product quality and, therefore, needs to be ascertained quantitatively. Design intent and functionality conformance with specifications are paramount to performance, and thus quality. It is accomplished through optimal Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing of parts (GD&T), datum/Primary Locating Points (PLP) strategy, tricks/levers, and assembly design. Challenges stem from the complexity involved in the datum layout strategy and its optimization for desired deviations. Incorrect datum schemes in design prompt underconstrained fixtures, redundant datum, the sensitivity of datum layout, etc. and induce defects in later stages. The end effect is smoothing out the variation issues leading to compromise in quality.

This document will primarily address intrinsic reliability of electronic components for use in automotive electronics. Where practical, methods of extrinsic reliability detection and prevention will also be addressed. The current handbook primarily focuses on integrated circuit subjects, but can easily be adapted for use in discrete or passive device qualification with the generation of a list of failure mechanisms relevant to those components. Semiconductor device qualification is the main scope of the current handbook. Other procedures addressing extrinsic defects are particularly mentioned in the monitoring chapter. Striving for the target of Zero Defects in component manufacturing and product use it is strongly recommended to apply this handbook. If it gets adopted as a standard, the term “shall” will represent a binding requirement. This document does not relieve the supplier of the responsibility to assure that a product meets the complete set of its requirements.

Abstract This study was conducted to establish a reliable thermal analysis methodology for the battery module designed for micro-mobility. Analyses and experiments were performed first with a single cell and subsequently with a battery module consisting of 80 cells. The heat generation calculated from a single-cell experiment and realistic thermophysical properties were used in the module analysis to predict the temperature rise and distribution at various discharge rates. A prototype battery module was then built and ten thermocouples were used to measure temperatures at various locations in the module. Good correlation was achieved between the analytical results and experimental data. In particular, the model is accurate in predicting temperature distribution and the locations of peak temperatures. As a next step, the analytical methods developed in this study will be used to optimize the battery pack design and enhance its thermal performance.

Abstract Generally, homogeneous mixture combustion is preferred at high loads in conventional spark-ignition engines. But homogeneous mixture combustion can lead to high hydrocarbon (HC) emissions at low loads. Thereby, stratified mixture combustion with an overall lean mixture is preferred at low loads, which can significantly reduce HC emissions, but NOx and soot emissions will increase. Nowadays, gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines are becoming popular because of better thermal efficiency and low emissions at all loads. These engines work with a stratified mixture at low-load conditions and a homogeneous mixture at high-load conditions. But the problem with these engines is high nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot emissions at low-load conditions. Therefore, today, the concept of partial stratification is tried in these engines, which is a combination of the combustion of stratified and homogeneous mixtures, using both GDI and port fuel injection (PFI) techniques.

Abstract The demand for contactless, rapid manufacturing has increased over the years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additive manufacturing (AM), a type of rapid manufacturing, is a computer-based system that precisely manufactures products. It proves to be a faster, cheaper, and more efficient production system when integrated with cloud-based manufacturing (CBM). Similarly, the need for semiconductors has grown exponentially over the last five years. Several companies could not keep up with the increasing demand for many reasons. One of the main reasons is the lack of a workforce due to the COVID-19 protocols. This article proposes a novel technique to manufacture semiconductor chips in a fast-paced manner. An algorithm is integrated with cloud, machine vision, sensors, and email access to monitor with live feedback and correct the manufacturing in case of an anomaly.

Abstract This article presents an original methodology for the multi-objective optimization of Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) for a wind turbine (WT). The objective functions of this optimization problem are to minimize the weight and maximize efficiency. This methodology also considers the variations of parameters caused by different factors (manufacturing tolerance, uncertainties in the operating conditions). Using a probabilistic model, the proposed algorithm combines a propagation of uncertainties and an optimization of the function objectives. The optimization is performed using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) with the advantage of exploring the global design space and finding the best compromise between the objectives. In order to verify the solution obtained by this approach, results were compared to the ones obtained by a previous study.

Abstract Electrification of vehicles can improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions in vehicle operations. Studies have focused on designing powertrains of several topologies, including serial, parallel, and power-split hybrid powertrains. In this study, a design and control co-optimization is demonstrated for a novel mixed-powertrain architecture. The component sizes of the mixed powertrain are optimized to minimize the fuel and component costs. Nested optimization is applied with a surrogate integrated operation and control model that evaluates powertrain performance in the inner loop. The surrogate model is trained to capture the powertrain performance under a near-optimal power management approach, namely, the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS). Using sequential quadratic programming, optimal results are obtained and verified using a high-fidelity powertrain model which is equipped with ECMS control.

This document provides an approach to the development of training topics for pilots of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) for use by operators, manufacturers, and regulators. The identification of training topics is based initially on Practical Test Standard (PTS) topics for manned aircraft pilots. The topics identified could be used for the construction of a PTS for UAS commercial pilot operations and a PTS for a UAS pilot instrument rating. The UAS commercial pilot rating would contain restrictions on the types of operations that could be flown that would be dependent on the type of UAS used. The UAS type would also influence the specific training topics that would be covered. This document is not intended to outline the requirements for other crewmembers, such as observers, payload operators, or ground personnel, nor does it distinguish between different levels of pilot authority or discuss the roles for pilot-in-command, supplemental pilot, or observer.

Munro F-150 Lightning teardown video

The Digital Cockpit of the Future How Human Machine Interface Technology Will Impact Avionics Displays The Science of Joining Dissimilar Metals in Aerospace Manufacturing Designing A/D Converters for the James Webb Space Telescope Vibration Testing NASA's X-57 Maxwell Electric Aircraft Hybrid Circulators for mmWave Systems Transforming Battlespace Communications Pulsed Exposure Toxicity Testing: Method Development and Initial Evaluation for Stormwater Compliance Preliminary research into modifying whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing protocols designed for continuous flow discharges as applied to episodic and/or ephemeral discharges such as those associated with storm water runoff. Upgrade Transonic Compressor Test Rig Data Acquisition System New software programming using commercial off-the-shelf software for acquiring data, processing data, displaying results, and generating reports is implemented to improve the performance of a legacy system.

R1T Exposed! A comprehensive teardown of Rivian's pioneering electric pickup reveals praiseworthy build quality, innovative thinking…and some lapses in manufacturability. EVs drive NVH materials innovation Skateboard platforms, high-frequency motor noise push lower dB thresholds and new countermeasure solutions. Optimizing design for additive manufacturing Avoiding the pitfalls of 3D printing requires knowing the process limitations - and how to work around them. An expert at a leading AM specialist shares insights on getting it right. Real-time processors help drive the zonal E/E revolution With its new generation of software-compatible processors, NXP aims to accelerate systems consolidation and performance.