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“True” SAE 10W-40 products can be made, where measured SAE 10W performance is obtained together with shear stability characteristics which enable the oil to remain in the SAE 40 viscosity range even after service in normal passenger car engines. ...“True” SAE 10W-40 lubricants provide oil economy characteristics significantly superior to those afforded by conventional SAE 10W-30 and SAE 10W-40 oils, and equal the performance of available SAE 20W-50 oils, while also offering excellent low temperature cranking and starting ability. ...“True” SAE 10W-40 lubricants provide oil economy characteristics significantly superior to those afforded by conventional SAE 10W-30 and SAE 10W-40 oils, and equal the performance of available SAE 20W-50 oils, while also offering excellent low temperature cranking and starting ability.

The results from the Federal test procedure and steady-state operation showed improvements in fuel economy with the synthetic and graphite-containing lubricants on the order of 1 to 6% when compared to a common base 10W40 lubricant. The order of magnitude varied with the ambient temperature and test vehicle. In steady-state operation, the fuel economy associated with the synthetic and friction-modified 75W gear oils increased at all ambients only during vehicle warm-up from cold start.

Viscosity grades included SAE 0W-30, 5W-40, 10W-30, 10W-40 and 15W-40, formulated with various commercial viscosity index improvers (VII's) including olefin copolymer (OCP), dispersant multifunctional olefin copolymer (MFOCP), polymethacrylate (PMA) and styrene-isoprene copolymer (SICP).

In pumpability tests on three SAE 10W-40 oils (ASTM D 4684 at -25°C) formulated with basestocks produced via three different pathways, the oils exhibited different pumpability properties.