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Cruise Origin Chief Engineer interview

Blue Origin’s New Shepard flew for the ninth time this week, completing a test of the crew capsule escape motor. ...This launch achieved the highest elevation that Blue Orbit has achieved during an incremental build-up of system capabilities.

Kent, Washington-based Blue Origin successfully completed the tenth launch of its suborbital launch vehicle New Shepard. ...The New Shepard is designed to be a crewed, space tourism vehicle, and although the launch was unmanned, statements made during Blue Origin’s launch broadcast suggest that the company has its first crewed launch test flight targeted for the end of this year.

According to the presentation, the cargo variant of the Blue Moon lander can carry 3.6 metric tons to the lunar surface. Another lander variant could potentially stretch to be capable of carrying a 6.5-metric-ton, human-rated ascent stage.

Likewise, both the number and dry mass of mature pods decreased linearly as the percentage of blue light increased. The number of mature seeds declined linearly with increased blue light, while the decrease in seed dry mass was not significant. ...The dry mass of immature seeds was increased with blue light fraction up to 16%, but decline thereafter. Harvest index declined linearly as blue light fraction increased. ...Growth chamber experiments were conducted to determine the effect of varying levels of blue photons on branch growth, pod and seed yield of peanut. Seeds of ‘Georgia Red’ peanut cultivar were grown in 10-liter plastic pots containing a vermiculite/sand/soil media (1:1:1 v/v) under 6%, 11%, 16%, 21% and 26% blue light (320–496 nm) supplied by high intensity discharge high pressure sodium (HPS) and metal halide (MH) lamps at equal photosynthetic photon flux (PPF; 1100 μmol m−2s−1).

., have selected the BE-4 engine from Blue Origin LLC in Kent, Wash., to help power the company’s next-generation Vulcan Centaur rocket system. ...The new Vulcan Centaur rocket design will incorporate: a pair of Blue Origin BE-4 engines in the booster stage, Aerojet Rocketdyne’s RL10 engine for the upper stage, Northrop Grumman solid rocket boosters, L 3 Avionics Systems avionics and electronics, and RUAG’s payload fairings and composite structures.

Radar phenomena and the concept of radar cross section (RCS) are briefly summarized and RCS reduction techniques as they were applied to Have Blue are described. RCS reduction considerations and techniques pioneered by Have Blue have become an integral component of the combat aircraft design process over the past two decades. ...Known as Have Blue, the project was highly successful and led to the F-117 A. This paper discusses issues associated with reducing radar signature to very low levels (levels that are “tactically meaningful,” e.g., capable of defeating realistic threat systems).

Many investigators who have studied the reactions of various gases and contaminants on solid state device operating characteristics have not particularly concerned themselves with the process origins of these gases and contaminants. Analysis of the contents of hermetic device packages at Autonetics has revealed large variances in composition and concentration of these gases and contaminants. ...Once the gas or contaminant had been established as deleterious to the operation of the device, it was necessary to determine its origin. It was assumed that all deleterious materials of concern to the study were process oriented. ...Also, solid contaminants trapped inside the device due to processes occurring prior to the seal operation were traced to their origin using analytical techniques including the electron microprobe. Results of these studies indicated major sources of impurities to be (1) dry box ambients, (2) outgassing for metal surfaces, (3) residual processing solvents, (4) weld flash, etc.

This year marks the sixtieth anniversary of the first turbojet engine flight. The engine was developed by the Ernst Heinkel company based on a concept pioneered by Dr. Hans von Ohain who passed away earlier this year. Initial flight-testing was conducted with the jet engine mounted under a propeller-driven aircraft. By the summer of 1939, a specially designed test aircraft, the Heinkel He 178, flew purely on jet power. This success led to development of the world's first true jet fighter, the twin-engine He 280. Although the He 280 failed to go into production (an honor that fell to the competing Messerschmitt Me 262) it was a pioneer in several aeronautical technologies. Heinkel's early and enthusiastic support for the turbojet provided a strong impetus to the entire German aero-engine industry. However, his efforts did not lead to a Heinkel turbojet engine production contract.

Studying the biology of terrestrial life on another world will offer unique opportunities for understanding the fundamental nature of life in the universe. Still accelerating revolutions in biotechnology, information technology, robotics, and super-miniaturization now make it possible to conduct detailed research into opportunities inherent in living on other worlds. Although close to Earth, the Moon includes features found nowhere else in the solar system. Different gravity, radiation stresses, magnetic fields and day/night cycles are among the biologically relevant forces of interest on the Moon. Results from studying different organisms in the lunar environment over complete life cycles and multiple generations would provide the first comparative, biological reference data of the transition of life from one world to another, and foundational information for evaluating potential health and safety problems on a Mars mission.

THE SPACE SHUTTLE EXTERNAL FUEL TANK (ET) is covered with a Thermal Protection System (TPS). The TPS materials are designed to prevent structural overheating during ascent/descent and maintain good quality cryogenic propellents until main engine cut off. The primary TPS materials consist of a nonmetallic rigid foam and a composite ablator. These materials and processes were developed through an evolutionary procedure, driven by changing requirements, definitions, and progressively increasing delivery rates. The evolution, from contract start in 1973 to the present, is reviewed.

‘Blue’ photons are energetically expensive to produce, so the most energy-efficient lamps contain the least amount of blue light. ‘Blue’ photons are not used as efficiently in photosynthesis as ‘red’ photons, but blue light has dramatic effects on plant growth. ...The response of dry mass, stem length, leaf area, SLA, and tillering/branching to blue light was species dependent. Blue light fraction determined the stem elongation response in soybean, whereas the absolute amount of blue light determined the stem elongation response in lettuce. ...Lettuce was highly sensitive to blue light fraction between 0% and 6% blue, but results were complicated by sensitivity to lamp type.

Existing formula for calculating humid air enthalpy is low sensitive to the changes of water quantity at the vicinity of zero centigrade temperature. Sometimes it may cause increasing errors or computation cycling. To avoid such undesirable phenomena a modified formula has been obtained and suggested.

The negative effects of blue LED on the growing of lettuce plants appeared with the increment of blue light proportion (25–50%). ...Youmaicai) was cultivated in white light emitting diode (LED), red LED only and combination of red and blue LEDs. The relevant growing characteristics of lettuce plants were studied. The results showed that red light could promote the radial growth of lettuce plants, and blue light was propitious to their transverse extension and synthesis of photosynthesis pigments. ...The results showed that red light could promote the radial growth of lettuce plants, and blue light was propitious to their transverse extension and synthesis of photosynthesis pigments.

This document has been declared "CANCELLED" as of April 2005 and has been superseded by PRI AC7108/2. By this action, this document will remain listed in the Numerical Section of the Aerospace Standards Index noting that it is superseded by PRI AC7108/2. Cancelled specifications are available from SAE.

This Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the requirements for suppliers for Etching Processes to be accredited by the National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program (NADCAP). These requirements may be supplemented by additional requirements specified by NADCAP Chemical Processing Task Group. Using the audit checklist (AC7108/2) will ensure that accredited Chemical Processing suppliers meet all of the requirements in this standard and all applicable supplementary standards.

Contents: Rocket Motors Rocket Interceptors Blue Steel Blue Streak - The Origins Blue Streak - The 'Underground Launcher' Blue Streak - The Cancellation B S S L V The European Launcher Development Organisation - ELDO Europa Black Knight Black Knight and the Re-Entry Experiments Black Arrow The 'Might Have Beens' ...A Vertical Empire provides a description of the British rocketry and space programme from the 1950s to 1970s, detailing the Medium Range Ballistic Missile Blue Streak and its conversion to a satellite launcher as part of the European Launcher Development Organisation (ELDO). ...The all-British satellite Black Arrow is described, as well as the research rocket Black Knight, the Blue Steel missile and the rocket powered interceptor aircraft. Contents: Rocket Motors Rocket Interceptors Blue Steel Blue Streak - The Origins Blue Streak - The 'Underground Launcher' Blue Streak - The Cancellation B S S L V The European Launcher Development Organisation - ELDO Europa Black Knight Black Knight and the Re-Entry Experiments Black Arrow The 'Might Have Beens'

This specification covers a procedure, typically referred to as Blue Etch Anodize, for revealing the macrostructure and microstructure of selected titanium alloys.

This specification covers a fiberglass reinforced silicone rubber (MQ/VMQ) in the form of sheet, strip, and molded parts, color coded light blue per ARP1527.