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In this paper a procedure has been established to estimate the field life of a component using the data of accelerated life tests on old and new designs of the component, and the field failure data on the old design of the component. ...For this, the correlation factors have been established between the accelerated life data and the field life data of the old design and these correlation factors have been applied to the accelerated life data of the new design to estimate the life distribution of the new design in the field. ...For this, the correlation factors have been established between the accelerated life data and the field life data of the old design and these correlation factors have been applied to the accelerated life data of the new design to estimate the life distribution of the new design in the field. The formula for the correlation factor is based on the assumption that all the life data distributions under investigation have increasing failure rates (IFR).

However, when it comes to environmental management, occupational health and safety, recycling and end of life of vehicles, significant costs associated with these activities are typically hidden in overhead, or are undocumented, including costs that may come back to a company at the end of the vehicle's life. Life Cycle Cost Management (LCCM) is a business decision process that integrates any or all of the environmental, health, safety and recycling (EHS&R) phases of product life with a full range of functional costs to provide a business focus on design decisions. ...However, when it comes to environmental management, occupational health and safety, recycling and end of life of vehicles, significant costs associated with these activities are typically hidden in overhead, or are undocumented, including costs that may come back to a company at the end of the vehicle's life. ...Life Cycle Cost Management (LCCM) is a business decision process that integrates any or all of the environmental, health, safety and recycling (EHS&R) phases of product life with a full range of functional costs to provide a business focus on design decisions. The concept of the extended enterprise is now a reality.

Life cycle impacts and sustainability considerations are unique to a specific vehicle design. This paper compares initial life cycle impacts and sustainability considerations of an electric, hybrid and two conventional vehicles. ...This paper compares initial life cycle impacts and sustainability considerations of an electric, hybrid and two conventional vehicles. ...The evaluation provides value for automotive designers, component suppliers and end users. A variety of design intentions to reduce vehicle weight, improve efficiency and increase technological innovation; can be challenged by end user requirements, in this quantitative approach.

Several axially grooved heat pipes show temperature differences increasing slightly with life time.exhibit a sharp temperature drop at the end of the condenser section....Since 1974, life tests with heat pipes for space applications have been carried out at IKE under contract to the European Space Agency (ESA)-Presently, five stainless steel/ammonia artery heat pipes and six axially grooved aluminium/ammonia heat pipes are being tested. ...Each heat pipe undergoes two different test procedures, viz. life tests and maximum performance tests. With the artery heat pipes, essentially no degradation of maximum performance and isothermality could be observed over the whole testing period.

Both theoretical and software results correlated very well with each other at the end of the analysis. It was also found out that the life of the engine valves is quite stable till temperatures of about 650∼680°C for this selected material and application. ...In this work, an FEM based methodology was adopted to determine the stresses developed in engine valves and determining their fatigue life. The design specifications to improve the valve performance to meet endurance, reliability and emission norms requirement are very vital. ...A stress based approach was adopted to estimate the fatigue life of the valves using FE-Fatigue. The material properties considered were based on peak engine firing pressure, temperatures and loads.

Uncertainties exist about the level of recycling at the end of the vehicles projected life after 225,000 km, leading to defined uncertainties. It is concluded that the concept car will have an energy reduction of 15-17.5% and the life cycle CO2 emissions will be reduced by a little less. ...The estimated energy consumption over the vehicle life cycle is presented relative to a typical Australian Upper Medium Class car fleet. Several assumptions are made about the performance of the prototype car, when extrapolating it to a production counterpart for the comparison. ...It is concluded that the concept car will have an energy reduction of 15-17.5% and the life cycle CO2 emissions will be reduced by a little less.

In particular, with reference to the outline of FARE (Fiat Auto REcycling) project, the end of life of used glass for cars has been evaluated; the primary products of Fiat Punto model (windshield, windshield rear and lateral windows) are recovered to remanufacture and to get a new secondary product as the glass bottles for packaging (open loop recycling), since, until now, it is impossible to have a good quality of glass for cars from the same glass scraps. ...The considerations about the energy content of the products, their type of allocation and some hypothesis of their end of life, in terms of recycling possibilities, complete the discussion....Using the Life Cycle Analysis methodology, a detailed study of the car glass production phases (from the extraction of raw materials until the recycling) has been developped.

This guide provides guidance for recording life cycle data resulting from the life cycle processes of IEEE/EIA 12207.0. NOTE—For informative references, see annex A.

Each year approximately 12 million automobiles reach the end of their useful life and enter a complex infrastructure designed to recover usable parts and materials of value (primarily the ferrous and nonferrous metals). ...Therefore, a life cycle assessment was performed to better understand the environmental impact/benefits offered by this technology. ...This assessment was part of the VRP's long-term goal of developing a life cycle model for the entire end-of-life process. The model will then be used to determine tradeoffs between alternative technologies for treating and recycling SR and to identify preferred alternatives.

America and Russia have independently implemented designs of individual life support systems to provide extravehicular activity (EVA) capability in support of the Space Shuttle and Orbital Station Mir programs. ...With the end of the “cold war,” and establishment of new cooperative relationships between America and Russia, joint space ventures are being planned. ...One of the first steps necessary to achieve this objective is to identify and better understand each country's current extravehicular individual life support systems and host vehicle's interface characteristics. This paper introduces the American Space Shuttle Extravehicular Mobility Unit, called the EMU, and the Russian Orbital Space Station Mir extravehicular spacesuit, called Orlan DMA, by comparing macroscopic features and characteristics.

The intent of the study was to provide insight into plastics which can withstand the hot acid environment of extended life coolants during usage. Several extended life coolant systems were investigated, including one containing 100% remanufactured glycol, furthering a more environmental friendly system. ...Plastic components are widely used in coolant systems where radiator end tanks, water pump impellers, inlets, outlets, and thermostat housings can be polymeric. A study was conducted in which a number of engineering plastics were exposed to long life coolants at elevated temperatures and pressures to determine the effect of the coolant. ...A study was conducted in which a number of engineering plastics were exposed to long life coolants at elevated temperatures and pressures to determine the effect of the coolant. The intent of the study was to provide insight into plastics which can withstand the hot acid environment of extended life coolants during usage.

The intent of the study was to provide insight into plastics which can withstand the hot acid environment of extended life coolants during usage. Several extended life coolant systems were investigated, including one containing 100% remanufactured glycol, furthering a more environmental friendly system. ...Plastic components are widely used in coolant systems where radiator end tanks, water pump impellers, inlets, outlets, and thermostat housings can be polymeric. A study was conducted in which a number of engineering plastics were exposed to conventional and long life coolants at elevated temperatures and pressures to determine the effect of the coolant. ...A study was conducted in which a number of engineering plastics were exposed to conventional and long life coolants at elevated temperatures and pressures to determine the effect of the coolant. The intent of the study was to provide insight into plastics which can withstand the hot acid environment of extended life coolants during usage.

Further energy savings can be realized by recovering the thermal energy //28-32 MJ/kg (12,000-14,000 BTU/lb)// embodied in the RIM parts at the end of their useful life. This reduces the total energy bill for polyurethane parts an additional 25-30%, further solidifying the position of RIM polyurethanes as a material of choice in energy conserving, light weight, aerodynamic automotive parts.

The use phase has significant impact on the overall vehicle water consumption, followed by material production, whereas end of life processing seems to be relatively insignificant. The assessment in this paper represents a life-cycle inventory assessment. ...In this paper, we highlight the difference between water use versus consumption and analyze the life-cycle water consumption of a car from material extraction through production, use, and final disposition/end of life and determine a car's water footprint using data from the EcoInvent database as well as data collected from literature sources.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report provides additional information and background in regard to the dimensional life of a heat-shrinkable sleeve. The term dimensional life is newly introduced in AS23053 to relate to the dimensional stability instead of the material stability often associated or referred to as the “shelf life.” ...The term dimensional life is newly introduced in AS23053 to relate to the dimensional stability instead of the material stability often associated or referred to as the “shelf life.” When the material exceeds such shelf life, it becomes harmful or non-functional.

The damage to the components of the FEM (Front End Module), induced by the hood slam, accumulates over the vehicle lifetime and may lead to failure. ...This CAE method includes two aspects: impact simulation and fatigue life evaluation. An impact loading is applied by converting potential energy to kinetic energy, mimicking the hood dropping from a specified height on the hood latch. ...The stress time history from the impact simulation is used to calculate the functional life of the FEM. This paper demonstrates the benefit of CAE technology to the FEM product development.

The team has investigated what is required to integrate controls for the types of non-linear dynamic systems encountered in advanced life support. To this end, a water processing bioreactor testbed is being developed which will enable prototyping and testing of integration strategies and technologies. ...Such architectures are necessary to enable integration of regenerative life support systems. A team was formed to address issues concerning software and hardware architectures and system controls..